學習shell script

from 鳥哥linux私房菜 第13章

shell script相似於之前的批處理文件bat

註釋#，第一行一般是#!/bin/bash聲明這個script使用的bash的名稱

執行方式：./*.sh和sh *.sh是建立子進程bash，source *.sh是在父進程中直接執行sh。區別之一是*.sh中的變量是否還在父進程中。

命令執行控制：

　　每一個command執行完後能夠經過$?查看狀態，0表示執行成功，1表示執行失敗

　　&&: command 1 && command 2; 當command 1執行成功時才執行command 2

　　||: command 1 || commnad 2; 當command 1執行失敗時才執行command 2

　　例子：command && echo "success" || echo "fail"

test命令測試文件的屬性：-e -f -d -r -w -x。條件判斷時用-a/-o代替&&/||

默認變量$#, $@, $*等

接收變量$variable的兩種方式，直接執行式（在*.shh後加變量$1）和交互式（read -p "input a variable" variable）

簡單判斷符號[ ]

if then elif else fi語法

[dmtsai@study bin]$ cp ans_yn-2.sh ans_yn-3.sh
[dmtsai@study bin]$ vim ans_yn-3.sh
#!/bin/bash
# Program:
#       This program shows the user's choice
# History:
# 2015/07/16    VBird   First release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

read -p "Please input (Y/N): " yn

if [ "${yn}" == "Y" ] || [ "${yn}" == "y" ]; then
    echo "OK, continue"
elif [ "${yn}" == "N" ] || [ "${yn}" == "n" ]; then
    echo "Oh, interrupt!"
else
    echo "I don't know what your choice is"
fi

 

case in esac語法

[dmtsai@study bin]$ vim show123.sh
#!/bin/bash
# Program:
#    This script only accepts the flowing parameter: one, two or three.
# History:
# 2015/07/17    VBird    First release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

echo "This program will print your selection !"
# read -p "Input your choice: " choice   # 暫時取消，能夠替換！
# case ${choice} in                      # 暫時取消，能夠替換！
case ${1} in                             # 現在使用，能夠用上面兩行替換！
  "one")
    echo "Your choice is ONE"
    ;;
  "two")
    echo "Your choice is TWO"
    ;;
  "three")
    echo "Your choice is THREE"
    ;;
  *)
    echo "Usage ${0} {one|two|three}"
    ;;
esac

function語法

[dmtsai@study bin]$ vim show123-3.sh
#!/bin/bash
# Program:
#    Use function to repeat information.
# History:
# 2015/07/17    VBird    First release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

function printit(){
    echo "Your choice is ${1}"   # 這個 $1 必須要參考底下指令的下達
}

echo "This program will print your selection !"
case ${1} in
  "one")
    printit 1  # 請注意， printit 指令後面還有接參數！
    ;;
  "two")
    printit 2
    ;;
  "three")
    printit 3
    ;;
  *)
    echo "Usage ${0} {one|two|three}"
    ;;
esac

 

循環loop

　　while do done與until do done

while [ "${yn}" != "yes" -a "${yn}" != "YES" ]
do
    read -p "Please input yes/YES to stop this program: " yn
done
echo "OK! you input the correct answer."

until [ "${yn}" == "yes" -o "${yn}" == "YES" ]
do
    read -p "Please input yes/YES to stop this program: " yn
done
echo "OK! you input the correct answer."

　　for do done

[dmtsai@study bin]$ vim cal_1_100-2.sh
#!/bin/bash
# Program:
#     Try do calculate 1+2+....+${your_input}
# History:
# 2015/07/17    VBird    First release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

read -p "Please input a number, I will count for 1+2+...+your_input: " nu

s=0
for (( i=1; i<=${nu}; i=i+1 ))
do
    s=$((${s}+${i}))
done
echo "The result of '1+2+3+...+${nu}' is ==> ${s}"

 

shell script追蹤與調試 shell -nvx *.sh