Linux系統安裝mysql數據庫

     關於Linux系統的軟件安裝方法有不少種,目前經常使用是二進制安裝,rpm安裝,yum安裝,源代碼安裝,對這幾種安裝方法都有優勢和缺點,如今將這些安裝方法總結以下:

 

二進制包:安裝簡單,能夠任意選擇購軟件版本,不須要編譯,直接初始化就好了

rpm安裝:此安裝方法須要解決依賴包,能夠安裝指定軟件版本

yum安裝:只能安裝當前系統的軟件包,若是用網絡源必需要鏈接外網

源代碼:安裝比較複雜,也須要解決依賴問題,不過能夠指定須要的模塊和啓動某個功能

 

一.用rpm安裝指定的mysql數據庫

系統:Centos 6.5 64位

軟件:MySQL-5.6.21  64位

[root@node1 ~]# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-client-5.6.21-1.el6.x86_64.rpm               --下載軟件包

[root@node1 ~]# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-devel-5.6.21-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

[root@node1 ~]# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-embedded-5.6.21-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

[root@node1 ~]# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-server-5.6.21-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

[root@node1 ~]# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-shared-5.6.21-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

[root@node1 ~]# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.21-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

[root@node1 ~]# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-test-5.6.21-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

[root@node1 ~]# yum localinstall MySQL-* -y       --安裝mysql並解決包依賴問題

[root@node1 ~]# vim /root/.mysql_secret             --查看mysql初始化密碼

# The random password set for the root user at Wed Nov 12 10:25:55 2014 (local time): _x4DfGXT2B8eBUW_       --紅色的是密碼,此密碼是動態的

[root@node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql restart      --啓動服務
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!

[root@node1 ~]# mysql -u root -p           --登錄並輸入初始密碼
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.21 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>  select version();         --查看版本
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.6.21    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

 

二.二進制包安裝

1.下載和解壓mysql數據庫

[root@node1 ~]# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.4-m14-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

[root@node1 ~]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.4-m14-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/mysql-5.7.4

 

2.建立mysql用戶和修改軟件的權限

[root@node1 ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql

[root@node1 ~]# chown -R mysql  /usr/local/mysql-5.7.4

[root@node1 ~]# chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql-5.7.4 

 

3.安裝和初始化數據庫

[root@node1 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql-5.7.4/

[root@node1 mysql-5.7.4]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.4/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.4/data/            --必須在mysql根目錄安裝mysql,不然出錯

[root@node1 mysql-5.7.4]# cp -a ../support-files/my-default.cnf  /etc/my.cnf

[root@node1 mysql-5.7.4]# cp -a ../support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld

[root@node1 mysql-5.7.4]# cd bin/

[root@node1 bin]# ./mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

[root@node1 bin]# chkconfig  --add mysql

[root@node1 bin]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL..                                      [  OK  ]
Starting MySQL...                                              [  OK  ]

[root@node1 bin]#          

 

三.用yum源安裝

[root@node2 ~]# mkdir /mnt/cdrom/          

[root@node2 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom  /mnt/cdrom/    --掛載光盤鏡像

[root@node2 ~]# yum repolist         --更新yum倉庫

[root@node2 ~]# yum install mysql mysql-server  mysql-devel mysql-utils -y       --只能安裝系統自帶的軟件