create-react-app 是業界最優秀的 React 應用開發工具之一,本文會帶你從0到1建立基於create-react-app的工程。javascript
npx create-react-app my-app
cd my-app
npm start
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注意使用npx要你的npm要在 5.2.0以上,npx會幫你執行依賴包裏的二進制文件,這裏很少作敘述; 構建完成後css
進入你的項目後你會看到以下的文件目錄html
my-app
├── README.md
├── node_modules
├── package.json
├── .gitignore
├── public
│ └── favicon.ico
│ └── index.html
│ └── manifest.json
└── src
└── App.css
└── App.js
└── App.test.js
└── index.css
└── index.js
└── logo.svg
└── registerServiceWorker.js
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有意思的事情來了,你並無看到關於webpack的配置, 因而去package.json裏查看一下script,以下:java
"scripts": {
"start": "react-scripts start",
"build": "react-scripts build",
"test": "react-scripts test --env=jsdom",
"eject": "react-scripts eject"
}
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命令都是經過react-scripts發起的,猜想是 react-scripts 是一個包,去node_modules裏找一下,果真如此;node
react-scripts 是一個生成的項目所須要的開發依賴,目錄以下:react
react-scripts
├── README.md
├── node_modules
├── package.json
├── bin
│ └──react-scripts.js
├── config
│ └── jest
│ └── env.js
│ └── paths.js
│ └──polyfills.js
│ └──webpack.config.dev.js
│ └──webpack.config.prod.js
│ └──webpackDevServer.config.js
└── scripts
└── utils
└──createJestConfig.js
└── build.js
└── eject.js
└── init.js
└── start.js
└── test.js
└── template
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執行webpack
npm run eject
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你會看到 react-scripts 的配置放到了你的項目的根目錄下,同時查看package.json也有相應的變化,這裏create-react-app已經幫你把須要的安裝依賴添加的node_modules裏;git
既然要實現可高度自定義配置,就把babel編譯所須要的插件也都單獨放到咱們本身的項目裏吧; 根目錄下新建presets.js ,查看babel-preset-react-app包下的文件,把index文件內容放入presets.js,並把babel-preset-react-app包下的項目依賴放入本身的項目下 修改config/jest/babelTransform.jsgithub
module.exports = babelJest.createTransformer({
presets: [require.resolve('../presets.js')],
babelrc: false,
});
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至此,若是你須要再添加什麼插件就能夠在presets.js裏自行引入了,例如我但願在項目裏可使用es7的裝飾器,就引入了 babel-plugin-transform-decorators-legacyweb
require.resolve('babel-plugin-transform-decorators-legacy')
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並在.babelrc裏配置
{
"presets": [
"es2015",
"react",
"stage-0",
"react-native-stage-0/decorator-support"
],
"plugins": [
"transform-decorators-legacy",
"transform-runtime", ["import",{"libraryName":"antd","style":true}]
]
}
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一樣的,若是你須要引入某個polyfills,在config/polyfills.js裏添加就ok; 好比我添加了
require("babel-polyfill");
require("babel-register");
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執行 npm start 試一下 以上咱們就完成了把配置文件從react-scripts移到咱們本身的項目裏,彆着急,這只是第一步;
下面咱們開始咱們的自定義配置
根據須要配置,這裏我添加了Sass; 首先,咱們須要先安裝Sass
npm install --save node-sass-chokidar
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修改package.json 文件
"scripts": {
+ "build-css": "node-sass-chokidar src/ -o src/",
+ "watch-css": "npm run build-css && node-sass-chokidar src/ -o src/ --watch --recursive",
"start": "node scripts/start.js",
"build": "node scripts/build.js",
"test": "node scripts/test.js --env=jsdom",
"eject": "node scripts/eject.js"
}
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咱們須要在啓動的時候同時執行watch-css和start.js,因此須要安裝一個包npm-run-all
npm install --save npm-run-all
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修改package.json文件
"build-css": "node-sass-chokidar src/ -o src/",
"watch-css": "npm run build-css && node-sass-chokidar src/ -o src/ --watch --recursive",
- "start": "node scripts/start.js",
- "build": "node scripts/build.js",
+ "start-js": "node scripts/start.js",
+ "start": "npm-run-all -p watch-css start-js",
+ "build-js": "node scripts/build.js",
+ "build": "npm-run-all build-css build-js",
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這個時候你能夠在項目裏使用scss文件寫樣式,例如咱們把App.css 更名爲App.scss,並使用scss語法編寫樣式,執行命令
npm start
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你會看到會自動再生成一個編譯好的和scss文件同名的css文件;
你沒必要作任何設置,create-react-app的原有的配置已經幫你作了; 這個設置會壓縮你的CSS,並經過Autoprefixer自動將供應商前綴添加到它中,你沒必要擔憂了各個瀏覽器的兼容問題了。
首先安裝 react-router-dom
npm install --save react-router-dom
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這裏給出一個簡單的react-router-dom例子
import React from "react";
import { BrowserRouter as Router, Route, Link } from "react-router-dom";
const BasicExample = () => (
<Router>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<Link to="/">Home</Link>
</li>
<li>
<Link to="/about">About</Link>
</li>
<li>
<Link to="/topics">Topics</Link>
</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<Route exact path="/" component={Home} />
<Route path="/about" component={About} />
<Route path="/topics" component={Topics} />
</div>
</Router>
);
const Home = () => (
<div>
<h2>Home</h2>
</div>
);
const About = () => (
<div>
<h2>About</h2>
</div>
);
const Topics = ({ match }) => (
<div>
<h2>Topics</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<Link to={`${match.url}/rendering`}>Rendering with React</Link>
</li>
<li>
<Link to={`${match.url}/components`}>Components</Link>
</li>
<li>
<Link to={`${match.url}/props-v-state`}>Props v. State</Link>
</li>
</ul>
<Route path={`${match.url}/:topicId`} component={Topic} />
<Route
exact
path={match.url}
render={() => <h3>Please select a topic.</h3>}
/>
</div>
);
const Topic = ({ match }) => (
<div>
<h3>{match.params.topicId}</h3>
</div>
);
export default BasicExample;
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具體關於react-router-dom的用法請參考官網
webpack配置變更:
// 修改webpack配置
{
loader: require.resolve('postcss-loader'),
options: {
config: {
path: 'postcss.config.js' // 這個得在項目根目錄建立此文件
},
// Necessary for external CSS imports to work
// https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/issues/2677
ident: 'postcss'
// plugins: () => [
// require('postcss-flexbugs-fixes'),
// autoprefixer({
// browsers: [
// '>1%',
// 'last 4 versions',
// 'Firefox ESR',
// 'not ie < 9', // React doesn't support IE8 anyway // ], // flexbox: 'no-2009', // }), // ], }, }, 複製代碼
根目錄新建 postcss.config.js
module.exports = {
"plugins": [
require('postcss-flexbugs-fixes'),
require("autoprefixer")({
browsers: [
'>1%',
'last 4 versions',
'Firefox ESR',
'not ie < 9', // React doesn't support IE8 anyway ], flexbox: 'no-2009', }), require("postcss-aspect-ratio-mini"), require("postcss-write-svg")({ utf8: false }), require("postcss-cssnext")({ features: { autoprefixer: false, } }), require("postcss-px-to-viewport")({ viewportWidth: 750, viewportHeight: 1334, unitPrecision: 3, viewportUnit: 'vw', selectorBlackList: ['.ignore', '.hairlines'], minPixelValue: 1, mediaQuery: false }), require("postcss-viewport-units"), require("cssnano")({ preset: "advanced", autoprefixer: false, "postcss-zindex": false }) ] } 複製代碼
上面的配置中,postcss-px-to-viewport能夠然咱們像原來同樣去寫px
viewportWidth和viewportHeight的配置根據大家家ui給出的設計稿來定就行了。
postcss-write-svg插件主要經過使用border-image和background來作1px的相關處理。好比 咱們先寫一個1像素邊框
@svg 1px-border {
height: 2px;
@rect {
fill: var(--color, black);
width: 100%;
height: 50%;
}
}
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在須要的時候就能夠這樣使用
.example {
border: 1px solid transparent;
border-image: svg(1px-border param(--color #00b1ff)) 2 2 stretch;
}
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固然還有background-image的實現方式,具體參考postcss-write-svg
安裝插件
npm i postcss-aspect-ratio-mini postcss-px-to-viewport postcss-write-svg postcss-cssnext postcss-viewport-units cssnano cssnano-preset-advanced --D
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package.json文件中:
"dependencies": {
"cssnano": "^3.10.0",
"postcss-aspect-ratio-mini": "0.0.2",
"postcss-cssnext": "^3.1.0",
"postcss-px-to-viewport": "0.0.3",
"postcss-viewport-units": "^0.1.3",
"postcss-write-svg": "^3.0.1",
},
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注意:autoprefixery一次就夠了 在cssnano和postcss-cssnext把默認配置改成false,不然會影響性能
接下來,修改 public/index.html 主要有三個地方
<meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,user-scalable=no,viewport-fit=cover">
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<script src="//g.alicdn.com/fdilab/lib3rd/viewport-units-buggyfill/0.6.2/??viewport-units-buggyfill.hacks.min.js,viewport-units-buggyfill.min.js"></script>
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<script>
window.onload = function () {
window.viewportUnitsBuggyfill.init({
hacks: window.viewportUnitsBuggyfillHacks
});
var winDPI = window.devicePixelRatio;
var uAgent = window.navigator.userAgent;
var screenHeight = window.screen.height;
var screenWidth = window.screen.width;
var winWidth = window.innerWidth;
var winHeight = window.innerHeight;
console.log(
"Windows DPI:" + winDPI +
";\ruAgent:" + uAgent +
";\rScreen Width:" + screenWidth +
";\rScreen Height:" + screenHeight +
";\rWindow Width:" + winWidth +
";\rWindow Height:" + winHeight
)
}
</script>
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另外,還能夠經過媒體查詢對iphoneX可能出現的兼容問題進行hack, 代碼以下:
@media only screen and (device-width: 375px) and (device-height: 812px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio: 3) {
/* iPhone X 獨有樣式寫在這裏*/
}
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若是你的項目須要引入antd請參考這裏
安裝react-app-rewired用來重寫配置
npm i react-app-rewired --dev
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使用 babel-plugin-import實現按需加載
npm i babel-plugin-import --dev
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使用react-app-rewire-less,經過 less 變量覆蓋功能自定義主題
npm i react-app-rewire-less --dev
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antd 官網上須要咱們配置package.json中的scripts
/* package.json */
"scripts": {
- "start": "react-scripts start",
+ "start": "react-app-rewired start",
- "build": "react-scripts build",
+ "build": "react-app-rewired build",
- "test": "react-scripts test --env=jsdom",
+ "test": "react-app-rewired test --env=jsdom",
}
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可是咱們已經再也不使用react-scripts了,而是用了本身的配置,因此咱們去看一下react-app-rewired作了什麼 // 這裏我讀了react-app-rewired的代碼作了一些處理,至於使用,你只須要在項目根目錄建立一個 config-overrides.js 用於修改默認配置。
以下
const { injectBabelPlugin } = require('react-app-rewired');
const rewireLess = require('react-app-rewire-less');
module.exports = function override(config, env) {
config = injectBabelPlugin(['import', { libraryName: 'antd', style: 'css' }], config);
config = injectBabelPlugin(['import', { libraryName: 'antd', style: true }], config);
config = rewireLess.withLoaderOptions({
modifyVars: { "@primary-color": "#1DA57A" },
})(config, env);
return config;
};
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在script的start.js和build.js裏添加:
// 自定義配置
const overrides = require('../config-overrides');
const webpackConfig = require('../config/webpack.config.dev');
require.cache[require.resolve('../config/webpackDevServer.config.js')].exports =
overrides(webpackConfig, process.env.NODE_ENV);
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具體實例參考個人github,歡迎交流指正 react-cli