Docker鏡像含有啓動容器所須要的文件系統及其內容,所以,其用於建立並啓動docker容器。html
docker鏡像採用分層構建機制,最底層爲bootfs,次之爲rootfs。node
只讀
模式,然後經過聯合掛載
技術額外掛載一個可寫
層Docer的鏡像是一層一層堆疊而成,位於下層的鏡像稱爲父鏡像,最底層的稱爲基礎鏡像。nginx
最上層爲可讀寫
層,其下的均爲只讀
層docker
aufs是advanced multi-layered unification filesystem 高級多層統一文件系統。json
aufs和overlayfs都是用於Linux文件系統實現聯合掛載
,除了這兩個,docker還支持btrfs,devicemapper和vfs等文件系統。ubuntu
Docer早期版本,在ubuntu下使用的是aufs,在CentOS7上使用的是devicemapper,而如今較新的Docer版本使用的是overlayfs,如今已發展到overlay2的版本。app
Docer鏡像獲取順序:當一個容器啓動時,docker daemon會試圖從本地獲取相關鏡像,本地鏡像不存在時,將從Registry中下載該鏡像並保存到本地。curl
很是著名的第三方鏡像倉庫: https://quay.io/ide
root@node01:~# docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx stable-alpine 8c1bfa967ebf 7 days ago 21.5MB busybox latest c7c37e472d31 2 weeks ago 1.22MB quay.io/coreos/flannel v0.12.0-amd64 4e9f801d2217 4 months ago 52.8MB # 建立容器,並在容器內建立文件 root@node01:~# docker container run -i -t --name bbox-01 busybox:latest / # ls bin dev etc home proc root sys tmp usr var / # mkdir -pv /data/html created directory: '/data/' created directory: '/data/html' / # echo "<h1>Hello Word!</h1>" > /data/html/index.html / # cat /data/html/index.html <h1>Hello Word!</h1>
另起一個終端,基於容器製做鏡像this
root@node01:~# docker container ls CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 787e4b3b2516 busybox:latest "sh" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes bbox-01 root@node01:~# docker container commit -p -m "Create /data/html/index.html" bbox-01 busybox-httpd:v0.1 sha256:806601ab556504829ff18d36ff308becab6ae351c7ae8f7b2adaecace52787bc root@node01:~# docker image ls busybox* REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE busybox-httpd v0.1 806601ab5565 44 seconds ago 1.22MB busybox latest c7c37e472d31 2 weeks ago 1.22MB
退出容器bbox-01
並刪除,並以製做的鏡像運行一個容器
root@node01:~# docker container rm bbox-01 root@node01:~# docker container run -t -i --name bbox-http-01 busybox-httpd:v0.1 / # ls data/html/ index.html / # cat data/html/index.html <h1>Hello Word!</h1> / #
新鏡像中的/data/html/index.html
得以保留,因此咱們在原有的鏡像基礎上製做了一個新的鏡像,新鏡像較原鏡像多了/data/html/index.html
文件。
busybox鏡像中能夠運行一個httpd服務,既然建立了/data/html/index.html
文件,那能夠把鏡像製做成一個提供httpd服務的鏡像。原鏡像默認啓動sh
命令,只須要把啓動時運行的命令修改爲httpd
相關命令便可。
root@node01:~# docker container ls CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 6d6e33d7acc4 busybox-httpd:v0.1 "sh" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes bbox-http-01 root@node01:~# docker container commit -p -m "run httpd" -c 'CMD ["/bin/httpd","-f","-h","/data/html"]' bbox-http-01 busybox-httpd:v0.2 sha256:985f056d206d3b3c3e1b62c66bcda672c5daf902245d9cf62e27a5bdd1de5b37 root@node01:~# docker container run -d --name bbox-httpd-02 busybox-httpd:v0.2 97ca3d6118ecbbb8ad5d4ec611b7ec425b66a959b663ea8f3dd689931e8930f4 root@node01:~# docker container ls CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 97ca3d6118ec busybox-httpd:v0.2 "/bin/httpd -f -h /d…" 8 seconds ago Up 6 seconds bbox-httpd-02 6d6e33d7acc4 busybox-httpd:v0.1 "sh" 11 minutes ago Up 11 minutes bbox-http-01
docker container commit -p -m "run httpd" -c 'CMD ["/bin/httpd","-f","-h","/data/html"]' bbox-http-01 busybox-httpd:v0.2
,經過-c
選項能夠修改容器啓動時的運行命令。
root@node01:~# docker container inspect bbox-httpd-02 | grep -i ipaddress "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3", root@node01:~# curl http://172.17.0.3 <h1>Hello Word!</h1>
已成功把busybox
鏡像製做成了一個提供httpd
服務的鏡像。
本地製做好的鏡像能夠上傳到docker hub
,aliyun的鏡像平臺
或者私有的鏡像倉庫等,便於把鏡像共享給他人使用。
那REPOSITORY
這個名稱要與遠程倉庫名稱與之對應,以推送到docker hub
爲例子,首先須要註冊一個docker hub
賬號,建立相應的倉庫,以下圖
那REPOSITORY
就應該是zhaochj/httpd
,那把能提供httpd
的busybox
鏡像上傳到docker hub
先對相應的鏡像從新打上tag,以符合上傳的名稱要求
root@node01:~# docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE busybox-httpd v0.2 985f056d206d 32 minutes ago 1.22MB busybox-httpd v0.1 806601ab5565 47 minutes ago 1.22MB nginx stable-alpine 8c1bfa967ebf 7 days ago 21.5MB busybox latest c7c37e472d31 2 weeks ago 1.22MB quay.io/coreos/flannel v0.12.0-amd64 4e9f801d2217 4 months ago 52.8MB root@node01:~# docker image tag busybox-httpd:v0.2 zhaochj/httpd:v0.1 root@node01:~# docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE busybox-httpd v0.2 985f056d206d 35 minutes ago 1.22MB zhaochj/httpd v0.1 985f056d206d 35 minutes ago 1.22MB ...
在上傳前須要先login
root@node01:~# docker login -u zhaochj Password: WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json. Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store Login Succeeded root@node01:~# docker image push zhaochj/httpd:v0.1 The push refers to repository [docker.io/zhaochj/httpd] aba5952cfa04: Pushed 8b84b15db17e: Pushed 50761fe126b6: Mounted from library/busybox v0.1: digest: sha256:63ecaa4990fb60f8aab701d690e5ef12cb664491753fee0208d080ca9ee8c28c size: 941
推送完成後在docker hub
上就能夠查看到
若是是大陸使用,建議使用aliyun的開發平臺中的鏡像服務。
本地鏡像能夠導出成一個壓縮包,把此壓縮包拷貝到其餘主機後能夠導入。
root@node01:~# docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE busybox-httpd v0.2 985f056d206d 4 hours ago 1.22MB zhaochj/httpd v0.1 985f056d206d 4 hours ago 1.22MB busybox-httpd v0.1 806601ab5565 4 hours ago 1.22MB nginx stable-alpine 8c1bfa967ebf 7 days ago 21.5MB busybox latest c7c37e472d31 2 weeks ago 1.22MB quay.io/coreos/flannel v0.12.0-amd64 4e9f801d2217 4 months ago 52.8MB # 將多個鏡像打包導出 root@node01:~# docker image save -o myimages.gz busybox:latest busybox-httpd:v0.1 root@node01:~# ls myimages.gz root@node01:~# docker image rm busybox:latest busybox-httpd:v0.1 Untagged: busybox:latest Untagged: busybox@sha256:9ddee63a712cea977267342e8750ecbc60d3aab25f04ceacfa795e6fce341793 Untagged: busybox-httpd:v0.1 root@node01:~# docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE busybox-httpd v0.2 985f056d206d 4 hours ago 1.22MB zhaochj/httpd v0.1 985f056d206d 4 hours ago 1.22MB nginx stable-alpine 8c1bfa967ebf 7 days ago 21.5MB quay.io/coreos/flannel v0.12.0-amd64 4e9f801d2217 4 months ago 52.8MB # 導入已打包的鏡像 root@node01:~# docker image load -i myimages.gz Loaded image: busybox:latest Loaded image: busybox-httpd:v0.1 root@node01:~# docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE busybox-httpd v0.2 985f056d206d 4 hours ago 1.22MB zhaochj/httpd v0.1 985f056d206d 4 hours ago 1.22MB busybox-httpd v0.1 806601ab5565 4 hours ago 1.22MB nginx stable-alpine 8c1bfa967ebf 7 days ago 21.5MB busybox latest c7c37e472d31 2 weeks ago 1.22MB quay.io/coreos/flannel v0.12.0-amd64 4e9f801d2217 4 months ago 52.8MB