docker容器數據卷
背景
將應用和運行環境打包成一個鏡像
爲了數據安全，數據不能放在容器中
數據須要持久化存儲
卷技術說白了，將容器內目錄掛載到Linux中的目錄，文件同步的機制
卷的目的：爲了作持久化和同步，容器間也能夠實現數據共享html
使用數據卷 方式一
docker run -it -v 宿主機目錄:容器內目錄 centos /bin/bash
啓動以後能夠使用
docker inspect 容器id
查看Mountsmysql
- 請手敲代碼！
- code
#執行掛載命令-v
➜ ~ docker run -it -d --name centos01 -v /Users/dada/Downloads/docker-centos/etc:/etc centos
6080c9748915bd8c64d2cc218ff3f3431a155fd360be60620184eb80ba6a6add
#查看運行中的容器列表
➜ ~ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6080c9748915 centos "/bin/bash" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds centos01
#進入容器
➜ ~ docker exec -it 6080c9748915 /bin/bash
#進入etc 建立文件並寫入數據
bash-4.4# cd /etc/
bash-4.4# touch index.html & echo 'hi! smallForest'>index.html
# ls一下
bash-4.4# ls
hostname hosts index.html resolv.conf
# 退出容器
bash-4.4# exit
# 查看容器信息 inspect
➜ ~ docker inspect 6080c9748915
返回結果巨長，只寫Mounts部分
"Mounts": [
{
"Type": "bind",
"Source": "/Users/dada/Downloads/docker-centos/etc",
"Destination": "/etc",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": "rprivate"
}
],
# 回到宿主機目錄/Users/dada/Downloads/docker-centos/etc。校驗index.html是否存在，內容是不是'hi! smallForest'
容器中止宿主機修改文件重啓後會同步嗎？
- 請手敲命令
codenginx
# 查看運行中的容器 ➜ ~ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 6080c9748915 centos "/bin/bash" 12 minutes ago Up 12 minutes centos01 # 中止容器 ➜ ~ docker stop 6080c9748915 6080c9748915 ➜ ~ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES #在宿主機中修改index.html追加一句話 ➜ ~ vim /Users/dada/Downloads/docker-centos/etc/index.html ➜ ~ cat /Users/dada/Downloads/docker-centos/etc/index.html hi! smallForest update on MacOS #啓動容器 ➜ ~ docker start 6080c9748915 6080c9748915 #進入容器 ➜ ~ docker exec -it 6080c9748915 /bin/bash #進入配置目錄 bash-4.4# cd /etc/ #查看index.html已經同步更新 bash-4.4# cat index.html hi! smallForest update on MacOS
結論：容器中止宿主機修改文件重啓後會同步sql
掛載到宿主機目錄以後刪除容器，數據會刪除嗎？
MySQL數據同步 持久化問題。須要配置pwddocker
- code
docker run -d -p 3306:3306 -v /Users/dada/Downloads/docker-centos/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /Users/dada/Downloads/docker-centos/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql01 mysql:5.7 Unable to find image 'mysql:5.7' locally 5.7: Pulling from library/mysql 69692152171a: Already exists 1651b0be3df3: Pull complete 951da7386bc8: Pull complete 0f86c95aa242: Pull complete 37ba2d8bd4fe: Pull complete 6d278bb05e94: Pull complete 497efbd93a3e: Pull complete a023ae82eef5: Pull complete e76c35f20ee7: Pull complete e887524d2ef9: Pull complete ccb65627e1c3: Pull complete Digest: sha256:a682e3c78fc5bd941e9db080b4796c75f69a28a8cad65677c23f7a9f18ba21fa Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7 bcc85b93643d2c1cb84f786eed080f55d346a8df15260327a673b8cd98224d14 # 使用密碼123456鏈接Navicat 並建立一個數據庫 # 刪除容器 ➜ ~ docker stop bcc85b93643d & docker rm bcc85b93643d ➜ ~ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES #回到宿主機目錄/Users/dada/Downloads/docker-centos/mysql/data 查看數據庫文件是否存在
結論：掛載到宿主機目錄以後刪除容器，數據不會刪除數據庫
匿名掛載
-v 容器內目錄！不指定宿主機路徑json
codevim
# 啓動NGINX容器，匿名掛載，-P表示自動指定端口 ➜ ~ docker run -d -P --name nginx01 -v /etc/nginx nginx:latest 8f2ea2ad93a0e3d98560c9f59e7d7f05a90375b909d7b265f14151e845256694 # 查看容器詳情 ➜ ~ docker inspect 8f2ea2ad93a0 #簡略展現 "Mounts": [ { "Type": "volume", "Name": "f50a729cba7814d70f11dbb0862c5aefc1b076b142c84bc5133986cdc2a869ce", "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/f50a729cba7814d70f11dbb0862c5aefc1b076b142c84bc5133986cdc2a869ce/_data", "Destination": "/etc/nginx", "Driver": "local", "Mode": "", "RW": true, "Propagation": "" } ], # 查看本地全部卷的列表 ➜ ~ docker volume ls具名掛載
給卷設置名字
-v 卷名:容器內目錄centos- code
# 建立nginx容器 具名掛載
➜ ~ docker run -d -P --name nginx03 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx nginx:latest
cae84c37d3f4278815fd7793b59b54250dfc65355d9748d30dcebe6bf0e1de2e
# 查看本地全部的卷
➜ ~ docker volume ls
DRIVER VOLUME NAME
local juming-nginx
local portainer_data
local user_cert
# 查看卷名「juming-nginx」的信息，Mountpoint就是宿主機存儲文件位置
➜ ~ docker volume inspect juming-nginx
[
{
"CreatedAt": "2021-05-26T09:10:55Z",
"Driver": "local",
"Labels": null,
"Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/juming-nginx/_data",
"Name": "juming-nginx",
"Options": null,
"Scope": "local"
}
]
具名掛載方式方便找卷安全
區分匿名掛載，具名掛載，指定宿主路徑掛載
- -v 容器內路徑
- -v 卷名:容器內路徑
- -v /宿主機路徑:容器內路徑
擴展知識：
-v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx:ro
ro rw 分別表示只讀 讀寫
ro表示掛載的路徑只能在宿主機內修改，不能在容器內修改
code ==失敗中==
➜ ~ docker run -d -P --name nginx05 -v /Users/dada/Downloads/docker-centos/nginx/conf:/etc/nginx:ro nginx:latest ➜ ~ docker inspect 容器id
使用數據卷 方式二
初識Dockerfile
Dockerfile就是用來構建docker鏡像的構建文件，命令腳本，經過腳本能夠生成鏡像。- 能夠完成數據卷掛載，
- 鏡像生成 docker build -f Dockerfile -t 鏡像名稱:TAG . #末尾必須有個點
- 在Dockerfile文件的名字是Dockerfile的時候,docker build 能夠不用指定-f
- code
# 打印當前路徑
➜ file pwd
/Users/dada/Downloads/docker-centos/file
# file路徑下執行建立文件命令
➜ file touch Dockerfile1
# 編輯文件寫入內容
➜ file vim Dockerfile1
# 查看是否寫入成功
➜ file cat Dockerfile1
FROM centos
VOLUME ["volume01","volume02"]
CMD echo "----end----"
CMD /bin/bash
# 命令行末尾缺乏點 報錯
➜ file docker build -f Dockerfile1 -t mycentos:02
"docker build" requires exactly 1 argument.
See 'docker build --help'.
Usage: docker build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -
Build an image from a Dockerfile
# 命令增長點 生成成功
➜ file docker build -f Dockerfile1 -t mycentos:02 .
[+] Building 0.1s (5/5) FINISHED
=> [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile1 0.0s
=> => transferring dockerfile: 123B 0.0s
=> [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 2B 0.0s
=> [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/centos:latest 0.0s
=> CACHED [1/1] FROM docker.io/library/centos 0.0s
=> exporting to image 0.0s
=> => exporting layers 0.0s
=> => writing image sha256:231feafd3348cc7cb6a2eeed8b19effe7b15fd2a723a287669e6d06 0.0s
=> => naming to docker.io/library/mycentos:02 0.0s
Use 'docker scan' to run Snyk tests against images to find vulnerabilities and learn how to fix them
# 查看新建立鏡像
➜ file docker images|grep mycentos
mycentos 02 231feafd3348 5 months ago 209MB
➜ file
# 啓動容器
➜ file docker run -d -it --name mycentos02 mycentos:02
0ff56e3d5516174f39c9eb63bbced886d8470d963ef6dcf77ce67082226860b9
#查看容器列表
➜ file docker ps|grep mycentos
0ff56e3d5516 mycentos:02 "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash" 37 seconds ago Up 36 seconds mycentos02
# inspect 查看容器數據卷掛載狀況
➜ file docker inspect 0ff56e3d5516
"Mounts": [
{
"Type": "volume",
"Name": "15a00b422c3ad4f7eac181566b51fc10d40e546b06a8d57100375aa58a0cc2b1",
"Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/15a00b422c3ad4f7eac181566b51fc10d40e546b06a8d57100375aa58a0cc2b1/_data",
"Destination": "volume02",
"Driver": "local",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": ""
},
{
"Type": "volume",
"Name": "9e520b5a5872379b57c8ade61125cedfd6f0e180712ade07d25d2d8808ce5a0a",
"Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/9e520b5a5872379b57c8ade61125cedfd6f0e180712ade07d25d2d8808ce5a0a/_data",
"Destination": "volume01",
"Driver": "local",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": ""
}
],
......
# 能夠查看到volume01 volume02掛載成功
測試不加 -f 生成鏡像
結論：在項目中Dockerfile文件的名字請使用「Dockerfile」，這是行業規範eg:composer.json go.mod等➜ file ls Dockerfile1 ➜ file mv Dockerfile1 Dockerfile ➜ file docker build -t mycentos1:03 . [+] Building 0.1s (5/5) FINISHED => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s => => transferring dockerfile: 122B 0.0s => [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s => => transferring context: 2B 0.0s => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/centos:latest 0.0s => CACHED [1/1] FROM docker.io/library/centos 0.0s => exporting to image 0.0s => => exporting layers 0.0s => => writing image sha256:231feafd3348cc7cb6a2eeed8b19effe7b15fd2a723a287669e6d06e35aa6261 0.0s => => naming to docker.io/library/mycentos1:03 0.0s Use 'docker scan' to run Snyk tests against images to find vulnerabilities and learn how to fix them ➜ file docker images|grep mycentos1 mycentos1 03 231feafd3348 5 months ago 209MB ➜ file
容器數據卷能夠實現的功能1
兩個容器間數據同步，備份
舉例：兩個MySQL同步數據庫數據- --volumes-from 兩個容器數據同步命令
- code
# 啓動3個容器 # docker01 ➜ ~ docker run -d -it --name docker01 centos:latest 1a3e373b0d690d7f2c41577384e3a929d8c2067401d26eda2646e1547927952e ➜ ~ docker ps|grep docker0 1a3e373b0d69 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 55 seconds ago Up 54 seconds docker01 # docker02 docker01的數據會同步到docker02 ➜ ~ docker run -d -it --name docker02 --volumes-from docker01 centos:latest 297b7cbf22910888056b991abbb8e7ef141ed92b58ff60171025f7cb39cc27f1 #docker03 docker01的數據會同步到docker03 ➜ ~ docker run -d -it --name docker03 --volumes-from docker01 centos:latest 9c5366c63559aac7a78aa9eec0bd7933de4de475652780d9e6e1cd94a113838c #docker01 02 03會使用共同的數據卷 ➜ ~ docker ps|grep docker0 9c5366c63559 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 57 seconds ago Up 56 seconds docker03 297b7cbf2291 centos:latest "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute docker02 1a3e373b0d69 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes docker01 # 刪除docker01對數據有什麼影響嗎？ # 刪除docker01對02 03沒有影響，數據依舊在，備份機制
- MySQL數據同步例子
code
# mysql01 ➜ ~ docker run -d -p 3301:3306 -v /etc/mysql/conf.d -v /var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql01 mysql:5.7 2e20d35d29b85d7474d7e6c873db800022dcbf1f0a5f2a2402309691f354672a ➜ ~ docker ps|grep mysql01 2e20d35d29b8 mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 13 seconds ago Up 11 seconds 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3301->3306/tcp, :::3301->3306/tcp mysql01 # mysql02 ➜ ~ docker run -d -p 3302:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql02 --volumes-from mysql01 mysql:5.7 b6804fef3d73dd9648e35a18345d2dc654f6bf607f3aea1d274fe6d9edd720ba ➜ ~ docker ps|grep mysql02 b6804fef3d73 mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 7 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3302->3306/tcp, :::3302->3306/tcp mysql02 ➜ ~
- 容器之間配置信息傳遞，數據卷容器生命週期一直持續到沒有容器使用爲止。可是一旦持久化到了宿主機，那麼永遠不會刪除。
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