問題:給一個二叉樹,寫一個算法判斷這個樹是否是balanced。算法
Solution #1.ide
第一次遇到這個問題時個人解法,以下:函數
public class Solution { public boolean isBalanced(TreeNode root) { if(root == null){ return true; } int depthOfLeft = getDepth(root.left, 1); int depthOfRight = getDepth(root.right, 1); if(Math.abs(depthOfRight-depthOfLeft) > 1){ return false; }else{ return isBalanced(root.left) && isBalanced(root.right); } } private int getDepth(TreeNode tree, int currentDepth){ if(tree == null){ return currentDepth; } return Math.max(getDepth(tree.left, currentDepth+1), getDepth(tree.right, currentDepth+1)); } }
寫了一個getDepth()函數,訪問每一個節點都要調用一次這個函數。這個Solution也經過了leetcode的驗證程序,可是後來想了想,I can do better.優化
下面是我對此算法時間複雜度的分析,當整棵樹有N個節點時,時間複雜度是O(N*logN).idea
Solution #2:spa
今天我想出了更好的Solution,只需一遍DFS,能夠將時間複雜度優化到O(N),可是空間複雜度一樣是O(N).code
public class CheckTreeBalanced { HashMap<TreeNode, Integer> heights = new HashMap<TreeNode, Integer>(); // The idea is to run DFS once boolean isBalanced(TreeNode root){ if(root == null){ heights.put(null, 0); return true; } if( isBalanced(root.left) && isBalanced(root.right) ){ if(Math.abs(heights.get(root.left) - heights.get(root.right)) > 1){ return false; }else{ int currentHeight = Math.max(heights.get(root.left), heights.get(root.right)) + 1; heights.put(root, currentHeight); return true; } }else{ return false; } } }
Solution #3:blog
Cracking the coding interview上看到另外一種解法,time complexity O(N), space complexity O(logN). 之因此佔用logN的空間是由於這是DFS的特色,整棵樹的高度H=logN,DFS必然會佔用O(H), explicitly or implicitly.ci
該算法的思路是基於Solution #1的一種改進,把每一個節點的height信息和isBalanced信息融合到一塊兒個變量中:leetcode
若是該變量>=0,那麼該節點是balanced而且該變量就是節點的height;
若是該變量<0,那麼該節點是unbalanced,但同時咱們失去了它的height信息。
public class CheckTreeBalanced2 { public int checkHeight(TreeNode root){ if(root == null){ return 0; } int leftHeight = checkHeight(root.left); if(leftHeight == -1){ return -1; } int rightHeight = checkHeight(root.right); if(rightHeight == -1){ return -1; } int heightDiff = leftHeight - rightHeight; if(Math.abs(heightDiff) > 1){ return -1; }else{ return Math.max(leftHeight, rightHeight); } } public boolean isBalance(TreeNode root){ if(checkHeight(root) == -1){ return false; }else{ return true; } } }