Spring學習筆記之 Spring IOC容器(二) 之注入參數值，自動組件掃描方式，控制Bean實例化方式，使用註解方式

時間 2019-12-02

標籤 spring 學習筆記 ioc 容器注入參數自動組件掃描方式控制 bean 實例使用註解欄目 Spring 简体版

原文原文鏈接

本節主要內容：
    1. 給MessageBean注入參數值
    2. 測試Spring自動組件掃描方式
    3. 如何控制ExampleBean實例化方式
    4. 使用註解方式重構JdbcDataSource, UserDAO, UserService

javascript

本文做者：souvchtml

本文出處：http://www.cnblogs.com/liuhongfeng/p/4582664.html java

1 給MessageBean注入參數值

1.1 問題

Spring能夠經過配置文件爲bean注入多種類型的屬性, MessageBean類用於演示Spring的多種類型數據的注入方式, 這些類型數據和注入方式包括：web

1. 注入基本值。spring

2. 注入Bean對象(請參考Unit 1案例)。express

3. 直接集合注入。bash

4. 引用方式集合注入app

5. 注入Spring表達式值。學習

6. 注入null或空字符串。測試

1.2 步驟

步驟一：新建工程，導入Spring API jar包

新建名爲SouvcSpringIoC_02的web工程，在該工程導入5個jar包。

 
  commons-logging.jar 
 
  spring-core.jar 
 
  spring-context.jar 
 
  spring-beans.jar 
 
  spring-expression.jar

網盤下載jar包：http://yunpan.cn/cQJhPMPRZeLH7 訪問密碼 2bf8

步驟二：新建Spring配置文件

在src目錄下，新建Spring配置文件applicationContext.xml。該文件名爲Spring默認的配置文件名，也能夠自由定義名稱。

applicationContext.xml文件中的代碼以下所示：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
    xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.2.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd">






</beans>

步驟三：新建類MessageBean 添加基本值屬性

新建類MessageBean，在該類中添加以下代碼中的四個屬性，並生成這幾個屬性對應的getter和setter方法；最後在execute方法獲取這幾個屬性的信息，代碼以下所示：

package com.souvc.bean;

public class MessageBean {
    private String moduleName;
    private int pageSize;
    private String username;
    private String password = "";

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getModuleName() {
        return moduleName;
    }

    public void setModuleName(String moduleName) {
        this.moduleName = moduleName;
    }

    public int getPageSize() {
        return pageSize;
    }

    public void setPageSize(int pageSize) {
        this.pageSize = pageSize;
    }

    public String execute() {
        System.out.println("moduleName=" + moduleName);
        System.out.println("pageSize=" + pageSize);
        System.out.println("username=" + username);
        System.out.println("password=" + password);
        System.out.println("---List信息以下---");
        return "success";
    }

}

步驟四：修改applicationContext.xml文件, 增長屬性基本值注入

修改applicationContext.xml文件，爲MessageBean的四個屬性注入基本參數值，代碼如圖-3所示：

    <bean id="messagebean" class="com.souvc.bean.MessageBean">
        <property name="moduleName" value="測試基本屬性"></property>
        <property name="pageSize" value="5"></property>
        <property name="username" value="daliu_it"></property>
        <property name="password" value="123456"></property>
    </bean>

步驟五：新建類Test1, 添加測試方法獲取MessageBean對象測試注入結果

新建類Test1，在類中使用ApplicationContext的方式實例化Spring容器，獲取MessageBean對象，並調用execute方法。

@Test
    public void test1() {
        String conf = "applicationContext.xml";
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(conf);
        System.out.println(ac);

        MessageBean messagebean = ac.getBean("messagebean", MessageBean.class);
        System.out.println(messagebean.toString());
        messagebean.execute();
    }

步驟六：運行Test1類, 測試注入結果

運行Test1類，控制檯輸入結果

org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@65b4fad5: startup date [Wed Jun 17 11:16:13 CST 2015]; root of context hierarchy
com.souvc.bean.MessageBean@5d3e754f
moduleName=測試基本屬性
pageSize=5
username=daliu_it
password=123456
---List信息以下---

控制檯輸出所示的信息，說明獲取到了注入的基本屬性值。

步驟七：爲MessageBean添加集合屬性,用於注入集合測試

1. 修改類MessageBean，在該類中添加以下加粗代碼中的四個屬性，並生成這幾個屬性對應的getter和setter方法；最後在execute方法獲取這幾個屬性的信息，代碼以下所示：

private List<String> someList;
private Set<String> someSet;
private Map<String,Object> someMap;
private Properties someProps;

package com.souvc.bean;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;

public class MessageBean {
    private String moduleName;
    private int pageSize;
    private String username;
    private String password = "";

    
     private List<String> someList;
     private Set<String> someSet;
     private Map<String,Object> someMap;
     private Properties someProps;
    
    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getModuleName() {
        return moduleName;
    }

    public void setModuleName(String moduleName) {
        this.moduleName = moduleName;
    }

    public int getPageSize() {
        return pageSize;
    }

    public void setPageSize(int pageSize) {
        this.pageSize = pageSize;
    }

    
    
    public List<String> getSomeList() {
        return someList;
    }

    public void setSomeList(List<String> someList) {
        this.someList = someList;
    }

    public Set<String> getSomeSet() {
        return someSet;
    }

    public void setSomeSet(Set<String> someSet) {
        this.someSet = someSet;
    }

    public Map<String, Object> getSomeMap() {
        return someMap;
    }

    public void setSomeMap(Map<String, Object> someMap) {
        this.someMap = someMap;
    }

    public Properties getSomeProps() {
        return someProps;
    }

    public void setSomeProps(Properties someProps) {
        this.someProps = someProps;
    }

    
    
    public String execute() {
        System.out.println("moduleName=" + moduleName);
        System.out.println("pageSize=" + pageSize);
        System.out.println("username=" + username);
        System.out.println("password=" + password);
        System.out.println("---List信息以下---");
    
        for(String s : someList){
            System.out.println(s);
        }
        System.out.println("---Set信息以下---");
        for(String s : someSet){
            System.out.println(s);
        }
        System.out.println("---Map信息以下---");
        Set<String> keys = someMap.keySet();
        for(String key : keys){
            System.out.println(key+"="
                    +someMap.get(key));
        }
        System.out.println("---Properties信息以下---");
        Set<Object> keys1 = someProps.keySet();
        for(Object key : keys1){
            System.out.println(key+"="
                    +someProps.getProperty(key.toString()));
        }
        
        
        return "success";
    }

}

2. 修改applicationContext.xml文件，爲MessageBean的四個屬性注入集合參數值：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
    xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.2.xsd">



    <!-- 加載properties文件爲bean
        <util:properties id="jdbcProperties"
        location="classpath:db.properties" /> -->


    <bean id="messagebean" class="com.souvc.bean.MessageBean">
        <property name="moduleName" value="測試基本屬性的注入"></property>
        <property name="pageSize" value="5"></property>
        <!-- 表達式注入 -->
        <property name="username" value="daliu_it"></property>
        <property name="password" value="123456"></property>
        <property name="someList">
            <list>
                <value>北京</value>
                <value>上海</value>
                <value>廣州</value>
            </list>
        </property>
        <property name="someSet">
            <set>
                <value>James Gosling</value>
                <value>Martin fowler</value>
                <value>Larry Ellision</value>
            </set>
        </property>
        <property name="someMap">
            <map>
                <entry key="1001" value="Java語言基礎"></entry>
                <entry key="1002" value="Java Web基礎"></entry>
                <entry key="1003" value="Spring使用基礎"></entry>
            </map>
        </property>
        <property name="someProps">
            <props>
                <prop key="username">root</prop>
                <prop key="password">1234</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>


    <!-- 定義集合Bean 
        <util:list id="oneList">
        <value>Tom</value>
        <value>Andy</value>
        </util:list>
        <util:set id="oneSet">
        <value>James Gosling</value>
        <value>Martin fowler</value>
        </util:set>
        <util:map id="oneMap">
        <entry key="1001" value="Java語言基礎"></entry>
        <entry key="1002" value="Java Web基礎"></entry>
        </util:map>
        <util:properties id="oneProps">
        <prop key="username">root</prop>
        <prop key="password">1234</prop>
        </util:properties>
        
    -->

    <!-- 引用方式注入集合屬性 
        <bean id="messagebean2" class="com.souvc.bean.MessageBean">
        <property name="moduleName" value="資費管理"></property>
        <property name="pageSize" value="5"></property>
        <property name="username" value="andy"></property>
        <property name="password" value="123"></property>-->

    <!-- 引用方式注入集合屬性 
        <property name="someList" ref="oneList" />
        <property name="someSet" ref="oneSet" />
        <property name="someMap" ref="oneMap" />
        <property name="someProps" ref="oneProps" />
        </bean>-->
</beans>

3. 運行Test1類，控制檯輸出結果所示：

org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@42704baa: startup date [Wed Jun 17 11:30:43 CST 2015]; root of context hierarchy
com.souvc.bean.MessageBean@25961581
moduleName=測試基本屬性的注入
pageSize=5
username=daliu_it
password=123456
---List信息以下---
北京
上海
廣州
---Set信息以下---
James Gosling
Martin fowler
Larry Ellision
---Map信息以下---
1001=Java語言基礎
1002=Java Web基礎
1003=Spring使用基礎
---Properties信息以下---
password=1234
username=root

控制檯輸出的信息，說明只須要經過配置Spring就能夠爲Bean注入集合參數值。

步驟八：測試引用方式集合注入

1.爲Spring配置文件applicationContext.xml增長以下配置, 採用引用方式注入集合對象, 代碼參考以下:

<!-- 定義集合Bean -->
    <util:list id="oneList">
        <value>Tom</value>
        <value>Andy</value>
    </util:list>
    <util:set id="oneSet">
        <value>James Gosling</value>
        <value>Martin fowler</value>
    </util:set>
    <util:map id="oneMap">
        <entry key="1001" value="Java語言基礎"></entry>
        <entry key="1002" value="Java Web基礎"></entry>
    </util:map>
    <util:properties id="oneProps">
        <prop key="username">root</prop>
        <prop key="password">1234</prop>
    </util:properties>



    <!-- 引用方式注入集合屬性 -->
    <bean id="messagebean2" class="com.souvc.bean.MessageBean">
        <property name="moduleName" value="資費管理"></property>
        <property name="pageSize" value="5"></property>
        <property name="username" value="andy"></property>
        <property name="password" value="123"></property>

        <!-- 引用方式注入集合屬性 -->
        <property name="someList" ref="oneList" />
        <property name="someSet" ref="oneSet" />
        <property name="someMap" ref="oneMap" />
        <property name="someProps" ref="oneProps" />
    </bean>

2. 增長Test2類測試如上配置, Test2代碼以下:

package com.souvc.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.souvc.bean.MessageBean;

public class TestCase {

    @Test
    public void test1() {
        String conf = "applicationContext.xml";
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(conf);
        System.out.println(ac);

        MessageBean messagebean = ac.getBean("messagebean", MessageBean.class);
        System.out.println(messagebean.toString());
        messagebean.execute();
    }

    @Test
    public void test2() {
        String conf = "applicationContext.xml";
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(conf);
        MessageBean bean = ac.getBean("messagebean2", MessageBean.class);
        bean.execute();
    }
}

3. 執行Test2 有以下結果所示:

moduleName=資費管理
pageSize=5
username=andy
password=123
---List信息以下---
Tom
Andy
---Set信息以下---
James Gosling
Martin fowler
---Map信息以下---
1001=Java語言基礎
1002=Java Web基礎
---Properties信息以下---
password=1234
username=root

這個結果說明, 經過引用方式也能夠爲bean注入集合屬性.

步驟九：利用 Spring表達式注入屬性值

1.在工程的src下，新建屬性文件db.properties，文件內容以下:

user=scott

2. 修改applicationContext.xml文件，注入Spring表達式值，代碼所示：

<!-- 加載properties文件爲bean -->
 <util:properties id="jdbcProperties" location="classpath:db.properties" />
 
 
 <bean id="messagebean" class="org.tarena.bean.MessageBean">
 
  <!-- ================================================================ -->
 
  <property name="moduleName" value="資費管理"></property>
  <property name="pageSize" value="5"></property>
  <!-- 表達式注入 -->
  <property name="username" value="#{jdbcProperties.user}"></property>
 
  <property name="password">
   <null />
  </property>

3. 運行Test1類，控制檯輸出結果所示：

org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@68861f24: startup date [Wed Jun 17 11:41:35 CST 2015]; root of context hierarchy
com.souvc.bean.MessageBean@209444d1
moduleName=測試基本屬性的注入
pageSize=5
username=daliu_it
password=123456
---List信息以下---
北京
上海
廣州
---Set信息以下---
James Gosling
Martin fowler
Larry Ellision
---Map信息以下---
1001=Java語言基礎
1002=Java Web基礎
1003=Spring使用基礎
---Properties信息以下---
password=1234
username=root

控制檯輸出信息，說明獲取到了注入的Spring表達式值。

步驟十：注入null值

1. 修改applicationContext.xml文件，將屬性password注入null值，代碼如圖-11所示：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
    xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.2.xsd">



    <!-- 加載properties文件爲bean-->
    <util:properties id="jdbcProperties"
        location="classpath:db.properties" />


    <bean id="messagebean" class="com.souvc.bean.MessageBean">
        <property name="moduleName" value="測試基本屬性的注入"></property>
        <property name="pageSize" value="5"></property>
        <!-- 表達式注入 
            <property name="username" value="daliu_it"></property>-->
        <property name="username" value="#{jdbcProperties.user}"></property>
        <property name="password" >
        <null/>
        </property>
        <property name="someList">
            <list>
                <value>北京</value>
                <value>上海</value>
                <value>廣州</value>
            </list>
        </property>
        <property name="someSet">
            <set>
                <value>James Gosling</value>
                <value>Martin fowler</value>
                <value>Larry Ellision</value>
            </set>
        </property>
        <property name="someMap">
            <map>
                <entry key="1001" value="Java語言基礎"></entry>
                <entry key="1002" value="Java Web基礎"></entry>
                <entry key="1003" value="Spring使用基礎"></entry>
            </map>
        </property>
        <property name="someProps">
            <props>
                <prop key="username">root</prop>
                <prop key="password">1234</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>


    <!-- 定義集合Bean -->
    <util:list id="oneList">
        <value>Tom</value>
        <value>Andy</value>
    </util:list>
    <util:set id="oneSet">
        <value>James Gosling</value>
        <value>Martin fowler</value>
    </util:set>
    <util:map id="oneMap">
        <entry key="1001" value="Java語言基礎"></entry>
        <entry key="1002" value="Java Web基礎"></entry>
    </util:map>
    <util:properties id="oneProps">
        <prop key="username">root</prop>
        <prop key="password">1234</prop>
    </util:properties>



    <!-- 引用方式注入集合屬性 -->
    <bean id="messagebean2" class="com.souvc.bean.MessageBean">
        <property name="moduleName" value="資費管理"></property>
        <property name="pageSize" value="5"></property>
        <property name="username" value="andy"></property>
        <property name="password" value="123"></property>

        <!-- 引用方式注入集合屬性 -->
        <property name="someList" ref="oneList" />
        <property name="someSet" ref="oneSet" />
        <property name="someMap" ref="oneMap" />
        <property name="someProps" ref="oneProps" />
    </bean>
</beans>

2. 運行Test1類，控制檯輸出結果：

org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@2996c1b0: startup date [Wed Jun 17 11:42:47 CST 2015]; root of context hierarchy
com.souvc.bean.MessageBean@195ed659
moduleName=測試基本屬性的注入
pageSize=5
username=daliu_it
password=null
---List信息以下---
北京
上海
廣州
---Set信息以下---
James Gosling
Martin fowler
Larry Ellision
---Map信息以下---
1001=Java語言基礎
1002=Java Web基礎
1003=Spring使用基礎
---Properties信息以下---
password=1234
username=root

控制檯輸出所示的信息，說明獲取到了注入的null值。

1.3 完整代碼

MessageBean類的完整代碼以下所示：

package com.souvc.bean;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;

public class MessageBean {
    private String moduleName;
    private int pageSize;
    private String username;
    private String password = "";

    private List<String> someList;
    private Set<String> someSet;
    private Map<String, Object> someMap;
    private Properties someProps;

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getModuleName() {
        return moduleName;
    }

    public void setModuleName(String moduleName) {
        this.moduleName = moduleName;
    }

    public int getPageSize() {
        return pageSize;
    }

    public void setPageSize(int pageSize) {
        this.pageSize = pageSize;
    }

    public List<String> getSomeList() {
        return someList;
    }

    public void setSomeList(List<String> someList) {
        this.someList = someList;
    }

    public Set<String> getSomeSet() {
        return someSet;
    }

    public void setSomeSet(Set<String> someSet) {
        this.someSet = someSet;
    }

    public Map<String, Object> getSomeMap() {
        return someMap;
    }

    public void setSomeMap(Map<String, Object> someMap) {
        this.someMap = someMap;
    }

    public Properties getSomeProps() {
        return someProps;
    }

    public void setSomeProps(Properties someProps) {
        this.someProps = someProps;
    }

    public String execute() {
        System.out.println("moduleName=" + moduleName);
        System.out.println("pageSize=" + pageSize);
        System.out.println("username=" + username);
        System.out.println("password=" + password);
        System.out.println("---List信息以下---");

        for (String s : someList) {
            System.out.println(s);
        }
        System.out.println("---Set信息以下---");
        for (String s : someSet) {
            System.out.println(s);
        }
        System.out.println("---Map信息以下---");
        Set<String> keys = someMap.keySet();
        for (String key : keys) {
            System.out.println(key + "=" + someMap.get(key));
        }
        System.out.println("---Properties信息以下---");
        Set<Object> keys1 = someProps.keySet();
        for (Object key : keys1) {
            System.out.println(key + "="
                    + someProps.getProperty(key.toString()));
        }

        return "success";
    }

}

Test1，Test2的完整代碼以下：

package com.souvc.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.souvc.bean.MessageBean;

public class TestCase {

    @Test
    public void test1() {
        String conf = "applicationContext.xml";
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(conf);
        System.out.println(ac);

        MessageBean messagebean = ac.getBean("messagebean", MessageBean.class);
        System.out.println(messagebean.toString());
        messagebean.execute();
    }

    @Test
    public void test2() {
        String conf = "applicationContext.xml";
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(conf);
        MessageBean bean = ac.getBean("messagebean2", MessageBean.class);
        bean.execute();
    }
}

applicationContext.xml完整代碼以下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
    xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.2.xsd">



    <!-- 加載properties文件爲bean-->
    <util:properties id="jdbcProperties"
        location="classpath:db.properties" />


    <bean id="messagebean" class="com.souvc.bean.MessageBean">
        <property name="moduleName" value="測試基本屬性的注入"></property>
        <property name="pageSize" value="5"></property>
        <!-- 表達式注入 
            <property name="username" value="daliu_it"></property>-->
        <property name="username" value="#{jdbcProperties.user}"></property>
        <property name="password" >
        <null/>
        </property>
        <property name="someList">
            <list>
                <value>北京</value>
                <value>上海</value>
                <value>廣州</value>
            </list>
        </property>
        <property name="someSet">
            <set>
                <value>James Gosling</value>
                <value>Martin fowler</value>
                <value>Larry Ellision</value>
            </set>
        </property>
        <property name="someMap">
            <map>
                <entry key="1001" value="Java語言基礎"></entry>
                <entry key="1002" value="Java Web基礎"></entry>
                <entry key="1003" value="Spring使用基礎"></entry>
            </map>
        </property>
        <property name="someProps">
            <props>
                <prop key="username">root</prop>
                <prop key="password">1234</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>


    <!-- 定義集合Bean -->
    <util:list id="oneList">
        <value>Tom</value>
        <value>Andy</value>
    </util:list>
    <util:set id="oneSet">
        <value>James Gosling</value>
        <value>Martin fowler</value>
    </util:set>
    <util:map id="oneMap">
        <entry key="1001" value="Java語言基礎"></entry>
        <entry key="1002" value="Java Web基礎"></entry>
    </util:map>
    <util:properties id="oneProps">
        <prop key="username">root</prop>
        <prop key="password">1234</prop>
    </util:properties>



    <!-- 引用方式注入集合屬性 -->
    <bean id="messagebean2" class="com.souvc.bean.MessageBean">
        <property name="moduleName" value="資費管理"></property>
        <property name="pageSize" value="5"></property>
        <property name="username" value="andy"></property>
        <property name="password" value="123"></property>

        <!-- 引用方式注入集合屬性 -->
        <property name="someList" ref="oneList" />
        <property name="someSet" ref="oneSet" />
        <property name="someMap" ref="oneMap" />
        <property name="someProps" ref="oneProps" />
    </bean>
</beans>

源碼以下：http://yunpan.cn/cQVU3sLcMzXGC 訪問密碼 daf3

2 測試Spring自動組件掃描方式

2.1 問題

如何使用組件掃描的方式和"註解標記"配合獲取容器中的ExampleBean對象。

2.2 方案

使用組件掃描，首先須要在XML配置中指定掃描類路徑，配置代碼以下：

    <context:component-scan 
                  base-package="com.souvc"/>

上述配置，容器實例化時會自動掃描com.souvc 包及其子包下全部組件類。

指定掃描類路徑後，並非該路徑下全部組件類都掃描到Spring容器的，只有在組件類定義前面有如下註解標記時，纔會掃描到Spring容器。

@Component  泛指組件，當組件很差歸類的時候，咱們可使用這個註解進行標註。

@Name 通用註解

@Service  業務層組件註解， 用於標註業務層組件

@Repository  持久層組件註解，用於標註數據訪問組件，即DAO組件

@Controller  控制層組件註解，用於標註控制層組件（如struts中的action）

2.3 步驟

步驟一：新建類ExampleBean

新建類ExampleBean，在該類前使用通用組件註解「@Component」，代表ExampleBean爲可被掃描的組件，代碼以下所示：

package com.souvc.bean;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class ExampleBean {

    public ExampleBean() {
        System.out.println("實例化ExampleBean");
    }

    public void execute() {
        System.out.println("執行ExampleBean處理");
    }
}

步驟二：修改applicationContext.xml

修改applicationContext.xml，使容器實例化時自動掃描org.tarena包及其子包下全部組件類

<!-- 組件掃描 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.souvc" />

步驟三：新建方法Test3

@Test
    public void test3() {
        String conf = "applicationContext.xml";
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(conf);
        ExampleBean bean = ac.getBean("exampleBean", ExampleBean.class);
        bean.execute();
    }

運行Test3方法，控制檯輸出結果：

實例化ExampleBean
執行ExampleBean處理

控制檯輸出上述結果，說明Spring會自動使用組件掃描的方式建立ExampleBean實例, 而且Test3中獲取到了這個ExampleBean對象。

2.4 完整代碼

ExampleBean類的完整代碼以下所示：

package com.souvc.bean;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class ExampleBean {

    public ExampleBean() {
        System.out.println("實例化ExampleBean");
    }

    public void execute() {
        System.out.println("執行ExampleBean處理");
    }
}

TestCase 類的完整代碼以下所示：

package com.souvc.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.souvc.bean.ExampleBean;
import com.souvc.bean.MessageBean;

public class TestCase {

    @Test
    public void test1() {
        String conf = "applicationContext.xml";
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(conf);
        System.out.println(ac);

        MessageBean messagebean = ac.getBean("messagebean", MessageBean.class);
        System.out.println(messagebean.toString());
        messagebean.execute();
    }

    @Test
    public void test2() {
        String conf = "applicationContext.xml";
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(conf);
        MessageBean bean = ac.getBean("messagebean2", MessageBean.class);
        bean.execute();
    }

    @Test
    public void test3() {
        String conf = "applicationContext.xml";
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(conf);
        ExampleBean bean = ac.getBean("exampleBean", ExampleBean.class);
        bean.execute();
    }
}

applicationContext.xml文件的完整代碼以下所示：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
    xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.2.xsd">



    <!-- 加載properties文件爲bean-->
    <util:properties id="jdbcProperties"
        location="classpath:db.properties" />


    <bean id="messagebean" class="com.souvc.bean.MessageBean">
        <property name="moduleName" value="測試基本屬性的注入"></property>
        <property name="pageSize" value="5"></property>
        <!-- 表達式注入 
            <property name="username" value="daliu_it"></property>-->
        <property name="username" value="#{jdbcProperties.user}"></property>
        <property name="password">
            <null />
        </property>
        <property name="someList">
            <list>
                <value>北京</value>
                <value>上海</value>
                <value>廣州</value>
            </list>
        </property>
        <property name="someSet">
            <set>
                <value>James Gosling</value>
                <value>Martin fowler</value>
                <value>Larry Ellision</value>
            </set>
        </property>
        <property name="someMap">
            <map>
                <entry key="1001" value="Java語言基礎"></entry>
                <entry key="1002" value="Java Web基礎"></entry>
                <entry key="1003" value="Spring使用基礎"></entry>
            </map>
        </property>
        <property name="someProps">
            <props>
                <prop key="username">root</prop>
                <prop key="password">1234</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>


    <!-- 定義集合Bean -->
    <util:list id="oneList">
        <value>Tom</value>
        <value>Andy</value>
    </util:list>
    <util:set id="oneSet">
        <value>James Gosling</value>
        <value>Martin fowler</value>
    </util:set>
    <util:map id="oneMap">
        <entry key="1001" value="Java語言基礎"></entry>
        <entry key="1002" value="Java Web基礎"></entry>
    </util:map>
    <util:properties id="oneProps">
        <prop key="username">root</prop>
        <prop key="password">1234</prop>
    </util:properties>



    <!-- 引用方式注入集合屬性 -->
    <bean id="messagebean2" class="com.souvc.bean.MessageBean">
        <property name="moduleName" value="資費管理"></property>
        <property name="pageSize" value="5"></property>
        <property name="username" value="andy"></property>
        <property name="password" value="123"></property>

        <!-- 引用方式注入集合屬性 -->
        <property name="someList" ref="oneList" />
        <property name="someSet" ref="oneSet" />
        <property name="someMap" ref="oneMap" />
        <property name="someProps" ref="oneProps" />
    </bean>


    <!-- 組件掃描 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.souvc" />


</beans>

3 如何控制ExampleBean實例化方式

3.1 問題

使用組件掃描的方式，重構如何控制ExampleBean實例化爲單例或非單例模式。

3.2 方案

1. 一般受Spring管理的組件，默認的做用域是"singleton"。若是須要其餘的做用域可使用@Scope註解，只要在註解中提供做用域的名稱便可，代碼以下：

    @Component
    @Scope("singleton")
    public class ExampleBean {
       ...
        }

2. @PostConstruct和@PreDestroy註解標記分別用於指定初始化和銷燬回調方法，代碼以下：

    public class ExampleBean { 
          @PostConstruct 
          public void init() {
                //初始化回調方法
          } 
          
          @PreDestroy 
          public void destroy() { 
                 //銷燬回調方法
           }
     }

3.3 步驟

步驟一：Bean對象的建立模式

1．修改ExampleBean，使用prototype模式建立 ExampleBean 對象，修改的代碼：

package com.souvc.bean;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@Scope("prototype")
public class ExampleBean {

    public ExampleBean() {
        System.out.println("實例化ExampleBean");
    }

//    public void execute() {
//        System.out.println("執行ExampleBean處理");
//    }
//
//    @PostConstruct
//    public void init() {
//        System.out.println("初始化ExampleBean對象");
//    }
//
//    @PreDestroy
//    public void destroy() {
//        System.out.println("銷燬ExampleBean對象");
//    }
}

2．新建類Test4在該類中建立兩個ExampleBean對象，經過比較操做符==進行比較，代碼如圖-19所示：

    @Test
    public void test4() {
        String conf = "applicationContext.xml";
        AbstractApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(conf);
        ExampleBean bean1 = ac.getBean("exampleBean", ExampleBean.class);
        ExampleBean bean2 = ac.getBean("exampleBean", ExampleBean.class);
        System.out.println(bean1 == bean2);
        ac.close();
    }

3．運行Test4，控制檯輸出結果以下：

實例化ExampleBean
實例化ExampleBean
false

經過前面的講解，瞭解到默認狀況下Spring容器是經過單例模式建立Bean對象的。經過本案例的運行結果，能夠看出使用原型方式，調用了2次ExampleBean類的構造方法，說明建立了2個ExampleBean對象。

4. 若是想要使用單例模式建立對象，也可使用註解的方式進行顯示標註，修改ExampleBean類的代碼所示：

package com.souvc.bean;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
//@Scope("prototype")
@Scope("singleton")
public class ExampleBean {

    public ExampleBean() {
        System.out.println("實例化ExampleBean");
    }

//    public void execute() {
//        System.out.println("執行ExampleBean處理");
//    }
//
//    @PostConstruct
//    public void init() {
//        System.out.println("初始化ExampleBean對象");
//    }
//
//    @PreDestroy
//    public void destroy() {
//        System.out.println("銷燬ExampleBean對象");
//    }
}

5．再次運行Test4，控制檯輸出結果以下：

實例化ExampleBean
true

上述運行結果能夠看得出，兩個ExampleBean對象，經過比較操做符「 ==」進行比較的輸出結果爲true，說明Spring容器是經過單例模式建立Bean對象的。

步驟二：Bean對象的初始化和銷燬

1. 修改ExampleBean類，加入方法init和方法destroy，並使用註解「@PostConstruct」和註解「@PreDestroy」指定init爲初始化的回調方法、destroy爲銷燬的回調方法，代碼以下所示：

package com.souvc.bean;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
//@Scope("prototype")
@Scope("singleton")
public class ExampleBean {

    public ExampleBean() {
        System.out.println("實例化ExampleBean");
    }

    public void execute() {
        System.out.println("執行ExampleBean處理");
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        System.out.println("初始化ExampleBean對象");
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("銷燬ExampleBean對象");
    }
}

2.運行Test4類，控制檯輸出結果所示：

實例化ExampleBean
初始化ExampleBean對象
true
2015-6-17 14:26:05 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext doClose
信息: Closing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@45b9ce4b: startup date [Wed Jun 17 14:26:04 CST 2015]; root of context hierarchy
2015-6-17 14:26:05 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry destroySingletons
信息: Destroying singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@36f0b7f8: defining beans [jdbcProperties,messagebean,oneList,oneSet,oneMap,oneProps,messagebean2,exampleBean,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.importAwareProcessor]; root of factory hierarchy
銷燬ExampleBean對象

控制檯輸出了「初始化ExampleBean對象」和「銷燬ExampleBean對象」，說明使用組件掃描的方式爲ExampleBean類添加初始化和銷燬的回調方法成功。

3.4 完整代碼

ExampleBean類的完整代碼以下所示：

package com.souvc.bean;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
//@Scope("prototype")
@Scope("singleton")
public class ExampleBean {

    public ExampleBean() {
        System.out.println("實例化ExampleBean");
    }

    public void execute() {
        System.out.println("執行ExampleBean處理");
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        System.out.println("初始化ExampleBean對象");
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("銷燬ExampleBean對象");
    }
}

Test4類的完整代碼以下所示：

package com.souvc.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.souvc.bean.ExampleBean;
import com.souvc.bean.MessageBean;

public class TestCase {

    @Test
    public void test1() {
        String conf = "applicationContext.xml";
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(conf);
        System.out.println(ac);

        MessageBean messagebean = ac.getBean("messagebean", MessageBean.class);
        System.out.println(messagebean.toString());
        messagebean.execute();
    }

    @Test
    public void test2() {
        String conf = "applicationContext.xml";
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(conf);
        MessageBean bean = ac.getBean("messagebean2", MessageBean.class);
        bean.execute();
    }

    @Test
    public void test3() {
        String conf = "applicationContext.xml";
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(conf);
        ExampleBean bean = ac.getBean("exampleBean", ExampleBean.class);
        //bean.execute();
    }

    @Test
    public void test4() {
        String conf = "applicationContext.xml";
        AbstractApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(conf);
        ExampleBean bean1 = ac.getBean("exampleBean", ExampleBean.class);
        ExampleBean bean2 = ac.getBean("exampleBean", ExampleBean.class);
        System.out.println(bean1 == bean2);
        ac.close();
    }

}

applicationContext.xml文件的完整代碼與前一案例相同。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
    xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.2.xsd">



    <!-- 加載properties文件爲bean-->
    <util:properties id="jdbcProperties"
        location="classpath:db.properties" />


    <bean id="messagebean" class="com.souvc.bean.MessageBean">
        <property name="moduleName" value="測試基本屬性的注入"></property>
        <property name="pageSize" value="5"></property>
        <!-- 表達式注入 
            <property name="username" value="daliu_it"></property>-->
        <property name="username" value="#{jdbcProperties.user}"></property>
        <property name="password">
            <null />
        </property>
        <property name="someList">
            <list>
                <value>北京</value>
                <value>上海</value>
                <value>廣州</value>
            </list>
        </property>
        <property name="someSet">
            <set>
                <value>James Gosling</value>
                <value>Martin fowler</value>
                <value>Larry Ellision</value>
            </set>
        </property>
        <property name="someMap">
            <map>
                <entry key="1001" value="Java語言基礎"></entry>
                <entry key="1002" value="Java Web基礎"></entry>
                <entry key="1003" value="Spring使用基礎"></entry>
            </map>
        </property>
        <property name="someProps">
            <props>
                <prop key="username">root</prop>
                <prop key="password">1234</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>


    <!-- 定義集合Bean -->
    <util:list id="oneList">
        <value>Tom</value>
        <value>Andy</value>
    </util:list>
    <util:set id="oneSet">
        <value>James Gosling</value>
        <value>Martin fowler</value>
    </util:set>
    <util:map id="oneMap">
        <entry key="1001" value="Java語言基礎"></entry>
        <entry key="1002" value="Java Web基礎"></entry>
    </util:map>
    <util:properties id="oneProps">
        <prop key="username">root</prop>
        <prop key="password">1234</prop>
    </util:properties>



    <!-- 引用方式注入集合屬性 -->
    <bean id="messagebean2" class="com.souvc.bean.MessageBean">
        <property name="moduleName" value="資費管理"></property>
        <property name="pageSize" value="5"></property>
        <property name="username" value="andy"></property>
        <property name="password" value="123"></property>

        <!-- 引用方式注入集合屬性 -->
        <property name="someList" ref="oneList" />
        <property name="someSet" ref="oneSet" />
        <property name="someMap" ref="oneMap" />
        <property name="someProps" ref="oneProps" />
    </bean>


    <!-- 組件掃描 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.souvc" />


</beans>