mysql-proxy 簡介mysql
MySQL Proxy是一個處於你的client端和MySQL server端之間的簡單程序,它能夠監測、分析或改變它們的通訊。它使用靈活,沒有限制,常見的用途包括:負載平衡,故障、查詢分析,查詢過濾和修改等等。linux
MySQL Proxy就是這麼一箇中間層代理,簡單的說,MySQL Proxy就是一個鏈接池,負責將前臺應用的鏈接請求轉發給後臺的數據庫,而且經過使用lua腳本,能夠實現複雜的鏈接控制和過濾,從而實現讀寫分離和負載平衡。對於應用來講,MySQL Proxy是徹底透明的,應用則只須要鏈接到MySQL Proxy的監聽端口便可。固然,這樣proxy機器可能成爲單點失效,但徹底可使用多個proxy機器作爲冗餘,在應用服務器的鏈接池配置中配置到多個proxy的鏈接參數便可。redis
MySQL Proxy更強大的一項功能是實現「讀寫分離」,基本原理是讓主數據庫處理事務性查詢,讓從庫處理SELECT查詢。數據庫複製被用來把事務性查詢致使的變動同步到集羣中的從庫。sql
架構示意圖
數據庫
___ master_mysql(10.10.10.3) | | mysql-proxy(10.10.10.2) | |___ | slave_mysql(10.10.10.4)
(一)mysql主從同步後端
一、mysql-master設置緩存
(1)bash
server-id = 1 //master端ID號 binlog-ignore-db = //設置不一樣步的sql庫 binlog-do-db= //設置同步的數據
(2)設置完上面之後重啓mysql服務器
(3)添加用戶訪問主庫,而且只有備份權限架構
mysql > grant replication slave on *.* to 'rsync'@'10.10.%' identified by '1q2w3e4rys' with grant option; mysql > flush privileges;
(4)鎖表,主庫數據繼續寫入
mysql > flush tables with read lock;
(5)記錄 master file與position的值,slave庫配置同步時候要使用
(6)導出mysql主庫數據
mysqldump -uuser -p databases > databases.sql
注:這裏有個問題,當主庫數據上G,較大時須要作以下操做
--max_allowed_packet=XXX //客戶端/服務器之間通訊的緩存區的最大大小; --net_buffer_length=XXX //TCP/IP和套接字通訊緩衝區大小,建立長度達net_buffer_length的行;
注意:max_allowed_packet和net_buffer_length不能比目標數據庫的配置數值大,不然可能出錯。
首先肯定目標庫的參數值
mysql>show variables like 'max_allowed_packet'; mysql>show variables like 'net_buffer_length';
根據參數值書寫mysqldump命令,如:
mysql > mysqldump -uuser -p? 數據庫名 -e --max_allowed_packet=1048576 --net_buffer_length=16384 > databases.sql
(7)master庫同步到slave服務器上
# scp databases.sql root@host:/path
二、mysql-slave設置
(1)
server-id = 2
(2)登陸mysql建立sql數據庫
mysql > CREATE DATABASE `?sql_db?` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
(3)導入master庫數據到slave庫中
mysql -uuser -p? sql_db < databases.sql
(4)登陸mysql中止slave
mysql > stop slave;
(5)配置從庫同步
mysql > change master to master_host=’10.10.10.2’,master_user=’rsync’,master_password=’1q2w3e4rys’,master_port=3306,master_log_file=’mysql-bin.000047’,master_log_pos=107;
(6)啓動同步功能
mysql > start slave;
(7)解除主庫鎖表
unlock tables;
(8)查看slave同步狀態
mysql > show slave status\G //多執行幾遍,查看數據寫入後的狀態
注:查看上面的Slave_IO_Running: Yes 和Slave_SQL_Running: Yes 2個都爲yes則證實主從同步正常,若是有任一個顯示NO,則證實同步有問題.能夠查看數據庫日誌文件,裏面基本上會顯示出錯誤之處,根據錯誤一步一步排查,基本上均可以解決的.
(二)mysql-proxy讀寫分離
一、安裝mysql-proxy
(1)
# wget http://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/pub/MySQL/Downloads/MySQL-Proxy/mysql-proxy-0.8.5-linux-el6-x86-64bit.tar.gz # tar xf mysql-proxy-0.8.5-linux-el6-x86-64bit.tar.gz -C /usr/local # cd /usr/local # ln -sv mysql-proxy-0.8.5-linux-el6-x86-64bit mysql-proxy
二、設置mysql-proxy屬主屬組
(1)
# groupadd mysql-proxy # useradd -g mysql-proxy -s /sbin//nologin -M mysql-proxy
三、配置mysql-proxy
(1)爲mysql-proxy提供SysV服務腳本,腳本以下:
#!/bin/bash # # mysql-proxy This script starts and stops the mysql-proxy daemon # # chkconfig: - 78 30 # processname: mysql-proxy # description: mysql-proxy is a proxy daemon for mysql # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions prog="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy" # Source networking configuration. if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/network ]; then . /etc/sysconfig/network fi # Check that networking is up. [ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0 # Set default mysql-proxy configuration. ADMIN_USER="admin" ADMIN_PASSWD="admin" ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/admin.lua" PROXY_OPTIONS="--daemon" PROXY_PID=/var/run/mysql-proxy.pid PROXY_USER="mysql-proxy" # Source mysql-proxy configuration. if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy ]; then . /etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy fi RETVAL=0 start() { echo -n $"Starting $prog: " daemon $prog $PROXY_OPTIONS --pid-file=$PROXY_PID --proxy-address="$PROXY_ADDRESS" --user=$PROXY_USER --admin-username="$ADMIN_USER" --admin-lua-script="$ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT" --admin-password="$ADMIN_PASSWORD" RETVAL=$? echo if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then touch /var/lock/subsys/mysql-proxy fi } stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc -p $PROXY_PID -d 3 $prog RETVAL=$? echo if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then rm -f /var/lock/subsys/mysql-proxy rm -f $PROXY_PID fi } # See how we were called. case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; restart) stop start ;; condrestart|try-restart) if status -p $PROXY_PIDFILE $prog >&/dev/null; then stop start fi ;; status) status -p $PROXY_PID $prog ;; *) echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status|condrestart|try-restart}" RETVAL=1 ;; esac exit $RETVAL
(2)將上述內容保存爲/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql-proxy,給予執行權限,然後加入到服務列表。
# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql-proxy # chkconfig --add mysql-proxy
(3)爲服務腳本提供配置文件/etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy,內容以下所示:
# Options for mysql-proxy ADMIN_USER="admin" ADMIN_PASSWORD="admin" ADMIN_ADDRESS="" ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/admin.lua" PROXY_ADDRESS="" PROXY_USER="mysql-proxy" PROXY_OPTIONS="--daemon --log-level=info --log-use-syslog --plugins=proxy --plugins=admin --proxy-backend-addresses=10.10.10.3:3306 --proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=10.10.10.4:3306 --proxy-lua-script=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/rw-splitting.lua"
(4)mysql-proxy配置選項註解
--help --help-admin --help-proxy --help-all ———— 以上四個選項均用於獲取幫助信息; --proxy-address=host:port ———— 代理服務監聽的地址和端口; --admin-address=host:port ———— 管理模塊監聽的地址和端口; --proxy-backend-addresses=host:port ———— 後端mysql服務器的地址和端口; --proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=host:port ———— 後端只讀mysql服務器的地址和端口; --proxy-lua-script=file_name ———— 完成mysql代理功能的Lua腳本; --daemon ———— 以守護進程模式啓動mysql-proxy; --keepalive ———— 在mysql-proxy崩潰時嘗試重啓之; --log-file=/path/to/log_file_name ———— 日誌文件名稱; --log-level=level ———— 日誌級別; --log-use-syslog ———— 基於syslog記錄日誌; --plugins=plugin,.. ———— 在mysql-proxy啓動時加載的插件; --user=user_name ———— 運行mysql-proxy進程的用戶; --defaults-file=/path/to/conf_file_name ———— 默認使用的配置文件路徑;其配置段使用[mysql-proxy]標識; --proxy-skip-profiling ———— 禁用profile; --pid-file=/path/to/pid_file_name ———— 進程文件名;
(5)複製以下內容創建admin.lua文件,將其保存至/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/目錄中.
--[[ $%BEGINLICENSE%$ Copyright (c) 2007, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA $%ENDLICENSE%$ --]] function set_error(errmsg) proxy.response = { type = proxy.MYSQLD_PACKET_ERR, errmsg = errmsg or "error" } end function read_query(packet) if packet:byte() ~= proxy.COM_QUERY then set_error("[admin] we only handle text-based queries (COM_QUERY)") return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT end local query = packet:sub(2) local rows = { } local fields = { } if query:lower() == "select * from backends" then fields = { { name = "backend_ndx", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_LONG }, { name = "address", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING }, { name = "state", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING }, { name = "type", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING }, { name = "uuid", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING }, { name = "connected_clients", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_LONG }, } for i = 1, #proxy.global.backends do local states = { "unknown", "up", "down" } local types = { "unknown", "rw", "ro" } local b = proxy.global.backends[i] rows[#rows + 1] = { i, b.dst.name, -- configured backend address states[b.state + 1], -- the C-id is pushed down starting at 0 types[b.type + 1], -- the C-id is pushed down starting at 0 b.uuid, -- the MySQL Server's UUID if it is managed b.connected_clients -- currently connected clients } end elseif query:lower() == "select * from help" then fields = { { name = "command", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING }, { name = "description", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING }, } rows[#rows + 1] = { "SELECT * FROM help", "shows this help" } rows[#rows + 1] = { "SELECT * FROM backends", "lists the backends and their state" } else set_error("use 'SELECT * FROM help' to see the supported commands") return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT end proxy.response = { type = proxy.MYSQLD_PACKET_OK, resultset = { fields = fields, rows = rows } } return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT end
(6)測試
#mysql -uadmin -padmin -h110.10.10.2 --port=4041 mysql > SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+-------------------+-------+------+------+-------------------+ | backend_ndx | address | state | type | uuid | connected_clients | +-------------+-------------------+-------+------+------+-------------------+ | 1 | 10.10.10.3:3306 | up | rw | NULL | 0 | | 2 | 10.10.10.4:3306 | up | ro | NULL | 0 | +-------------+-------------------+-------+------+------+-------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)