C# 對象持久化

本文以一個簡單的小例子,簡述對象持久化的相關知識,僅供學習分享使用,若有不足之處,還請指正。數據庫

概述json

對象持久化是指將內存中的對象保存到可永久保存的存儲設備中(如磁盤)的一種技術。網絡

本文介紹的是除數據庫以外的幾種對象持久化方式。數據結構

具體以下:ide

  1. 保存成文本:即將內存對象以字節流的方式保存到文本中。
  2. 序列化成Xml:即將對象以Xml的格式存儲。
  3. 序列化成Json:即將對象序列化成Json對象,而後存儲。
  4. 序列化成二進制:即將對象序列化成二進制字節流保存到文件中。

涉及知識點:學習

  1. 序列化與反序列化
  2. 文件流的讀寫
  3. ListView顯示覆選框,並橫向排列

效果圖this

以下圖所示【主要功能是將用戶輸入的信息保存成各類格式,並從各個文檔中進行讀取出來】:lua

核心代碼spa

保存和讀取文本文檔代碼以下:code

 1         /// <summary>
 2         /// 保存成文本
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <param name="sender"></param>
 5         /// <param name="e"></param>
 6         private void btnSaveTxt_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
 7         {
 8             Dictionary<string, string> dicInfos  = GetDictionaryInfos();
 9             string filePath = "objPerson.txt";
10             //採用using關鍵字,會自動釋放
11             using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create))
12             {
13                 using (StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs, Encoding.Default))
14                 {
15                     foreach (var keyPair in dicInfos)
16                     {
17                         sw.WriteLine(string.Format("{0}={1}", keyPair.Key, keyPair.Value));
18                     }
19                 }
20             }
21         }
22 
23         /// <summary>
24         /// 從文本中讀取
25         /// </summary>
26         /// <param name="sender"></param>
27         /// <param name="e"></param>
28         private void btnReadTxt_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
29         {
30             string filePath = "objPerson.txt";
31             Dictionary<string, string> dic = new Dictionary<string, string>();
32             //採用using關鍵字,會自動釋放
33             using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open))
34             {
35                 using (StreamReader sw = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.Default))
36                 {
37                     while (!sw.EndOfStream) {
38                         string lineInfo = sw.ReadLine();
39                         dic.Add(lineInfo.Split('=')[0], lineInfo.Split('=')[1]);
40                     }
41                 }
42             }
43             this.txtName.Text = dic["Name"];
44             this.dtBirthday.Text = dic["Birthday"];
45             if (dic["Gender"] == this.rbBoy.Text)
46             {
47                 this.rbBoy.Checked = true;
48             }
49             else {
50                 this.rbGirl.Checked = true;
51             }
52             string[] loves = dic["Love"].Split('|');
53             foreach (var love in loves)
54             {
55                 foreach (var item in this.lsvLove.Items)
56                 {
57                     ListViewItem li = item as ListViewItem;
58                     if (li.Text == love)
59                     {
60                         li.Checked = true;
61                     }
62                 }
63             }
64         }
View Code

保存和讀取Xml文檔代碼以下:

 1  /// <summary>
 2         /// 保存成Xml
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <param name="sender"></param>
 5         /// <param name="e"></param>
 6         private void btnSaveXml_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
 7         {
 8             Person p = GetPersonInfos();
 9             string filePath = "objPerson.xml";
10             using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create))
11             {
12                 XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Person));
13                 serializer.Serialize(fs, p);
14             }
15         }
16 
17         /// <summary>
18         /// 從Xml中讀取
19         /// </summary>
20         /// <param name="sender"></param>
21         /// <param name="e"></param>
22         private void btnReadXml_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
23         {
24             string filePath = "objPerson.xml";
25             Person p;
26             using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open))
27             {
28                 XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Person));
29                 object obj= serializer.Deserialize(fs);
30                 p = obj as Person;
31             }
32             SetPersonInfos(p);
33         }
View Code

保存和讀取Json文檔以下:

 1    /// <summary>
 2         /// 保存成Json
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <param name="sender"></param>
 5         /// <param name="e"></param>
 6         private void btnSaveJson_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
 7         {
 8             Person p = GetPersonInfos();
 9             JavaScriptSerializer jserializer = new JavaScriptSerializer();
10             string strJson = jserializer.Serialize(p);
11             string strRegex  = @"\\/Date\((\d+)\)\\/";
12             MatchEvaluator evaluator = new MatchEvaluator(ConvertJsonDateToDateString);
13 
14             //對時間進行處理,須要引用System.Text.RegularExpressions;命名空間
15             Regex reg = new Regex(strRegex);
16             strJson = reg.Replace(strJson, evaluator);
17 
18             string filePath = "objPerson.json";
19             using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create))
20             {
21                 using (StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs, Encoding.Default))
22                 {
23                     sw.Write(strJson);
24                 }
25             }
26         }
27 
28         /// <summary>
29         /// 從Json中讀取
30         /// </summary>
31         /// <param name="sender"></param>
32         /// <param name="e"></param>
33         private void btnReadJson_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
34         {
35             JavaScriptSerializer jserializer = new JavaScriptSerializer();
36             string filePath = "objPerson.json";
37             Person p;
38             using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open))
39             {
40                 using (StreamReader sw = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.Default))
41                 {
42                     string strJson = sw.ReadToEnd();
43                     string strRegex = @"\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}\s\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}";
44                     MatchEvaluator evaluator = new MatchEvaluator(ConvertDateStringToJsonDate);    //對時間進行處理
45                     Regex reg = new Regex(strRegex);
46                     strJson = reg.Replace(strJson, evaluator);
47                     p = jserializer.Deserialize<Person>(strJson);
48                 }
49             }
50             SetPersonInfos(p);
51         }
View Code

保存和讀取Bin文檔以下:

 1         /// <summary>
 2         /// 保存成二進制文件
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <param name="sender"></param>
 5         /// <param name="e"></param>
 6         private void btnSaveBin_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
 7         {
 8             Person p = GetPersonInfos();
 9             string filePath = "objPerson.bin";
10             using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create)) {
11                 BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();
12                 bf.Serialize(fs, p);
13             }
14         }
15 
16         /// <summary>
17         /// 讀取二進制文件
18         /// </summary>
19         /// <param name="sender"></param>
20         /// <param name="e"></param>
21         private void btnReadBin_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
22         {
23             string filePath = "objPerson.bin";
24             Person p;
25             using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open))
26             {
27                 BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();
28                 p= bf.Deserialize(fs) as Person;
29             }
30             SetPersonInfos(p);
31         }
View Code


備註

其實對象持久化和對象序列化是兩個不一樣的概念。二者有關聯卻不一樣。

對象持久化:是使對象能夠保存到實體存儲介質中,在對象生命週期結束後能夠再現。

對象序列化:是將對象或者數據結構轉化成特定的格式,使其可在網絡中傳輸,或者可存儲在內存或者文件中。

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