linux--經常使用網絡命令

時間  2020-08-05
標籤 linux 經常 使用 網絡 命令 欄目 Linux 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

ifconfig

查看生效的ip信息網絡

[root@local ~]# ifconfig
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.70.77  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.70.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe6e:b72b  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:6e:b7:2b  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 7492  bytes 625846 (611.1 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 3334  bytes 451391 (440.8 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 12  bytes 1020 (1020.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 12  bytes 1020 (1020.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255
        ether 52:54:00:8c:58:59  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ifdown,ifup

關閉和啓動網卡ssh

[root@local ~]# ifdown lo
[root@local ~]# ifconfig
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.70.77  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.70.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe6e:b72b  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:6e:b7:2b  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 7600  bytes 634935 (620.0 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 3384  bytes 457849 (447.1 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255
        ether 52:54:00:8c:58:59  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
[root@local ~]# ifup lo
[root@local ~]# ifconfig
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.70.77  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.70.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe6e:b72b  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:6e:b7:2b  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 7647  bytes 638881 (623.9 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 3416  bytes 462387 (451.5 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 12  bytes 1020 (1020.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 12  bytes 1020 (1020.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255
        ether 52:54:00:8c:58:59  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

netstat

查看網絡狀態tcp

-t 列出tcp協議端口oop

-u 列出udp協議端口spa

-n 不使用域名與服務名，使用IP和端口code

-l 列出監聽狀態的網絡服務server

-a 列出全部的網絡鏈接blog

-r 路由信息進程

-p 列出pid，進程idip

[root@local ~]# netstat -rn
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags   MSS Window  irtt Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.70.70   0.0.0.0         UG        0 0          0 eno16777736
192.168.70.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 eno16777736

[root@local ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.70.70   0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eno16777736
192.168.70.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eno16777736

[root@local ~]# netstat -anp|grep :22
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1185/sshd           
tcp        0     52 192.168.70.77:22        192.168.70.33:58840     ESTABLISHED 2436/sshd: root@pts 
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1185/sshd           
[root@local ~]# netstat -an|grep :22
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0     52 192.168.70.77:22        192.168.70.33:58840     ESTABLISHED
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN     

[root@local ~]# netstat -tunl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 ::1:631                 :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN     
udp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:67              0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5353            0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 127.0.0.1:323           0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:46466           0.0.0.0:*                          
udp6       0      0 ::1:323                 :::*

經過這條指令查看當前計算機開啓了哪些服務。

[root@local ~]# netstat -an|grep ESTABLISHED
tcp        0     52 192.168.70.77:22        192.168.70.33:58840     ESTABLISHED

查看正在鏈接個人計算機。

[root@local ~]# netstat -an|grep ESTABLISHED |wc -l
1

nslookup

查看DNS

[root@local ~]# nslookup www.qq.com
Server:     114.114.114.114
Address:    114.114.114.114#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:   www.qq.com
Address: 180.96.86.192

[root@local ~]# ping www.qq.com
PING www.qq.com (180.96.86.192) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 180.96.86.192: icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 time=9.60 ms
64 bytes from 180.96.86.192: icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 time=9.33 ms

traceroute

跟蹤查看路由命令

[root@local ~]# traceroute www.baidu.com
traceroute to www.baidu.com (180.97.33.107), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  192.168.70.70 (192.168.70.70)  0.275 ms  0.274 ms  0.223 ms
 2  192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1)  0.555 ms  0.604 ms  0.534 ms
 3  100.73.0.1 (100.73.0.1)  3.010 ms  3.316 ms  3.267 ms
 4  222.187.235.217 (222.187.235.217)  2.718 ms  2.646 ms  2.585 ms
 5  222.187.235.105 (222.187.235.105)  13.826 ms  13.559 ms  13.826 ms
 6  202.102.73.122 (202.102.73.122)  16.276 ms 202.102.73.126 (202.102.73.126)  19.856 ms 202.102.69.186 (202.102.69.186)  13.546 ms
 7  * * *
 8  180.97.32.130 (180.97.32.130)  13.049 ms 180.97.32.26 (180.97.32.26)  139.445 ms 180.97.32.2 (180.97.32.2)  10.769 ms
 9  * * *
[root@local ~]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (180.97.33.107) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 180.97.33.107: icmp_seq=1 ttl=55 time=9.25 ms
64 bytes from 180.97.33.107: icmp_seq=2 ttl=55 time=9.55 ms
64 bytes from 180.97.33.107: icmp_seq=3 ttl=55 time=9.30 ms

wget

下載命令

tcpdump

抓包命令

-i 指定監聽的網卡

-nn 將數據包中的域名與服務轉爲ip和端口

-X 以16進制和ASCII碼顯示數據包內容

prot指定監聽的端口

[root@local 桌面]# tcpdump -i eth0 -nnX port 22

scp

遠程上傳或者下載

[root@localhost ~]# scp -r testscp/ root@192.168.70.77:/root
The authenticity of host '192.168.70.77 (192.168.70.77)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is c1:d1:80:44:94:0b:e2:fb:b4:82:20:79:5f:94:5f:41.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.70.77' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.70.77's password: 
hello

這個是上傳

[root@localhost testscp]# scp -r root@192.168.70.77:/root/testscp /root
root@192.168.70.77's password: 
hello                                                                         100%   10     0.0KB/s   00:00    
world                                                                         100%   12     0.0KB/s   00:00

這個是下載

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