關於mysql的null相關查詢的一些坑

咱們先看一下效果，而後在解釋，示例以下：

mysql> create table test5 (a int not null,b int,c varchar(10)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into test5 values (1,2,'a'),(3,null,'b'),(4,5,null); Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec) Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from test5; +---+------+------+ | a | b | c | +---+------+------+ | 1 | 2 | a | | 3 | NULL | b | | 4 | 5 | NULL | +---+------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) 

上面咱們建立了一個表test5，3個字段，a不能爲空，b、c能夠爲空，插入了3條數據，睜大眼睛看效果了：

mysql> select * from test5 where b>0; +---+------+------+ | a | b | c | +---+------+------+ | 1 | 2 | a | | 4 | 5 | NULL | +---+------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from test5 where b<=0; Empty set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from test5 where b=NULL; Empty set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from test5 t where t.b between 0 and 100; +---+------+------+ | a | b | c | +---+------+------+ | 1 | 2 | a | | 4 | 5 | NULL | +---+------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from test5 where c like '%'; +---+------+------+ | a | b | c | +---+------+------+ | 1 | 2 | a | | 3 | NULL | b | +---+------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from test5 where c in ('a','b',NULL); +---+------+------+ | a | b | c | +---+------+------+ | 1 | 2 | a | | 3 | NULL | b | +---+------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from test5 where c not in ('a','b',NULL); Empty set (0.00 sec) 

認真看一下上面的查詢：

上面帶有條件的查詢，對字段b進行條件查詢的，b的值爲NULL的都沒有出現。

對c字段進行like '%'查詢、in、not查詢，c中爲NULL的記錄始終沒有查詢出來。

between and查詢，爲空的記錄也沒有查詢出來。

 

結論：查詢運算符、like、between and、in、not in對NULL值查詢不起效。

 

那NULL如何查詢呢？繼續向下看

IS NULL/IS NOT NULL（NULL值專用查詢）

上面介紹的各類運算符對NULL值均不起效，mysql爲咱們提供了查詢空值的語法：IS NULL、IS NOT NULL。

IS NULL（返回值爲空的記錄）

select 列名 from 表名 where 列 is null; 

查詢指定的列的值爲NULL的記錄。

如：

mysql> create table test7 (a int,b varchar(10)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into test7 (a,b) values (1,'a'),(null,'b'),(3,null),(null,null),(4,'c'); Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from test7; +------+------+ | a | b | +------+------+ | 1 | a | | NULL | b | | 3 | NULL | | NULL | NULL | | 4 | c | +------+------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from test7 t where t.a is null; +------+------+ | a | b | +------+------+ | NULL | b | | NULL | NULL | +------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from test7 t where t.a is null or t.b is null; +------+------+ | a | b | +------+------+ | NULL | b | | 3 | NULL | | NULL | NULL | +------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) 

IS NULL（返回值不爲空的記錄）

select 列名 from 表名 where 列 is not null; 

查詢指定的列的值不爲NULL的記錄。

如：

mysql> select * from test7 t where t.a is not null; +------+------+ | a | b | +------+------+ | 1 | a | | 3 | NULL | | 4 | c | +------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from test7 t where t.a is not null and t.b is not null; +------+------+ | a | b | +------+------+ | 1 | a | | 4 | c | +------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)