場景:html
由一次大的項目改動引發的app端api不兼容問題,這時候就須要對api作版本控制了,權衡以後由於用戶很少,選擇了強更,沒人想在已經寫了8000行代碼的單個svc文件中維護好幾個版本的接口或者繼續新建svc(wcf配置較繁瑣),但暴露出的版本控制問題仍是要解決的,不能每次都強更呀。web
api版本控制方案:json
分項目進行版本控制,一個項目一個版本號,維護兩個版本號,分開部署,根據其版本號路由到對應host。api
根據當前項目狀況,爲了同時完成技術迭代(因沒有code review,屢次經手,wcf中基於http的api已經難以維護,而且使用的是.net fx4.0,各類不便,徹底重構是不可能的),因此新版本採用restful web api(原本想直接上.net core web api,成本...)。restful
關於api版本控制的其餘幾種方案不詳述,網上不少文章,能夠本身搜搜看,對比選用適合本身的方案。app
rest風格的api版本控制async
此時須要將老的wcf 和新web api管理起來了,作一個api網關再合適不過 ,不只處理了版本控制的問題,後面還可擴展網關的其餘職能,邁開了從單體過渡到微服務的步伐ide
api網關方案:使用.net core web自實現(原本想使用Ocelot ,全套固然方便,因其版本控制基於url,我更傾向於rest基於http headers accept來控制,因此本身寫吧)微服務
api網關落地:ui
1.對服務的管理設計
建了一個json文件來配置對服務的管理,因其要保留網關其餘職能的可能性,因此設計時要注意其擴展性,固然目前沒作服務發現,因此須要這麼一個設計來管理服務。
知道vnd啥意思嗎?搜了半天才知道,自定義mime類型的前綴,固然在這裏不是必須的,反正都是你本身約定解析的,固然對公仍是遵循通用規範好一些。
rule裏面是對請求的驗證規則,順便使用polly作了重試和超時。
1 { 2 "Rule": { 3 "CORS": { 4 "AllowOrigins": "", 5 "AllowMethods": "GET,POST,PUT,DELETE", 6 "AllowHeaders": "Accept,Content-Type" 7 }, 8 "Headers": { 9 "AcceptPrefix": "vnd.saas.services.", 10 "AcceptKey": "version", 11 "AcceptContentType": "json" 12 }, 13 "API": { 14 "FilterAPI": "", 15 "APITimeOut": "60" 16 } 17 18 }, 19 "Services": { 20 "main": { 21 "v1": { 22 "Host": "", 23 "Port": "", 24 "Deprecated": false 25 }, 26 "v2": { 27 "Host": "", 28 "Port": "", 29 "Deprecated": false 30 } 31 } 32 33 } 34 35 }
2.構建中間件處理請求
*注入IConfiguration和IHttpClientFactory,用來讀取json配置和發送請求
*解析請求中http headers 中accept屬性,我這裏就是經過分割字符串來解析,反正網上我是沒找到解析accept中自定義mime類型的方法,而後與配置中的要求對比,拿到其路由信息
*處理一些非法請求及錯誤
*發送請求到該版本服務,正確返回後響應給請求者
1 public class RequestMiddleware 2 { 3 private readonly RequestDelegate _next; 4 private readonly IConfiguration _configuration; 5 private readonly IHttpClientFactory _clientFactory; 6 7 public RequestMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, IConfiguration configuration, IHttpClientFactory clientFactory) 8 { 9 _next = next; 10 _configuration = configuration; 11 _clientFactory = clientFactory; 12 } 13 14 public async Task InvokeAsync(HttpContext context) 15 { 16 var acceptStr = context.Request.Headers["Accept"]+""; 17 var acceptPrefix= _configuration.GetSection("Rule:Headers:AcceptPrefix").Value; 18 var acceptKey = _configuration.GetSection("Rule:Headers:AcceptKey").Value; 19 var acceptContentType = _configuration.GetSection("Rule:Headers:AcceptContentType").Value; 20 var filterAPI = _configuration.GetSection("Rule:API:FilterAPI").Value; 21 var version = new ServiceVersion(); 22 var response = new HttpResponseMessage(); 23 var error_code = 0; 24 var error_message = string.Empty; 25 26 //default in now 27 var accept = new Accept() 28 { 29 ServiceName = "main", 30 Version = "v1", 31 AcceptContentType = "json" 32 }; 33 34 if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(acceptStr)) 35 { 36 var acceptArray = acceptStr.Split(';'); 37 if (acceptArray.Length >= 2 && acceptArray[0].Contains(acceptPrefix) && acceptArray[1].Contains(acceptKey)) 38 { 39 40 accept.ServiceName = acceptArray[0].Split('+')[0].Replace(acceptPrefix, ""); 41 accept.AcceptContentType = acceptArray[0].Split('+')[1]; 42 accept.Version = acceptArray[1].Split('=')[1]; 43 } 44 45 } 46 47 if (_configuration.GetSection($"Services:{accept.ServiceName}:{accept.Version}").Exists()) 48 { 49 _configuration.GetSection($"Services:{accept.ServiceName}:{accept.Version}").Bind(version); 50 } 51 else 52 { 53 response.StatusCode= HttpStatusCode.BadRequest; 54 error_code = (int)HttpStatusCode.BadRequest; 55 error_message = "You should check that the request headers is correct"; 56 } 57 if (version.Deprecated) 58 { 59 response.StatusCode = HttpStatusCode.MovedPermanently; 60 error_code = (int)HttpStatusCode.MovedPermanently; 61 error_message = "You should check the version of the API"; 62 } 63 64 65 try 66 { 67 if (error_code == 0) 68 { 69 // filter api 70 var sourceName = context.Request.Path.Value.Split('/'); 71 if (sourceName.Length > 1 && filterAPI.Contains(sourceName[sourceName.Length - 1])) 72 accept.ServiceName = "FilterAPI"; 73 74 context.Request.Host = new HostString(version.Host, version.Port); 75 context.Request.PathBase = ""; 76 77 var client = _clientFactory.CreateClient(accept.ServiceName);//rename to filter 78 var requestMessage = context.Request.ToHttpRequestMessage(); 79 80 //var response = await Policy.NoOpAsync().ExecuteAsync(()=> { 81 // return client.SendAsync(requestMessage, context.RequestAborted); ; 82 //}); 83 response = await client.SendAsync(requestMessage, context.RequestAborted); 84 } 85 } 86 catch (Exception ex) 87 { 88 response.StatusCode= HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError; 89 error_code = (int)HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError; 90 error_message = "Internal Server Error"; 91 92 } 93 finally 94 { 95 if (error_code > 0) 96 { 97 response.Headers.Clear(); 98 response.Content = new StringContent("error is no content"); 99 response.Headers.Add("error_code", error_code.ToString()); 100 response.Headers.Add("error_message", error_message); 101 } 102 await response.ToHttpResponse(context); 103 } 104 await _next(context); 105 106 } 107 } 108 109 // Extension method used to add the middleware to the HTTP request pipeline. 110 public static class RequestMiddlewareExtensions 111 { 112 public static IApplicationBuilder UseRequestMiddleware(this IApplicationBuilder builder) 113 { 114 return builder.UseMiddleware<RequestMiddleware>(); 115 } 116 }
目前就構建了一箇中間件,代碼寫得較亂
3.註冊中間件和服務配置
*在ConfigureServices中將services.json註冊進去,這樣中間件中才能讀到
*在Configure中使用中間件
1 public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) 2 { 3 4 var configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder().SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()).AddJsonFile("Configs/services.json").Build(); 5 services.AddSingleton<IConfiguration>(c => configuration); 6 7 var AllowOrigins =configuration.GetSection("Rule:CORS:AllowOrigins").Value.Split(','); 8 var AllowMethods = configuration.GetSection("Rule:CORS:AllowMethods").Value.Split(','); 9 var AllowHeaders = configuration.GetSection("Rule:CORS:AllowHeaders").Value.Split(','); 10 11 services.AddCors(options => options.AddPolicy( 12 "CORS", policy => policy.WithOrigins(AllowOrigins).WithHeaders(AllowHeaders).WithMethods(AllowMethods).AllowCredentials() 13 )); 14 15 var APITimeOut = int.Parse(configuration.GetSection("Rule:API:APITimeOut").Value); 16 var timeOutPolicy = Policy.TimeoutAsync<HttpResponseMessage>(APITimeOut); 17 18 var retryPolicy = HttpPolicyExtensions.HandleTransientHttpError() 19 //.Or<{ExtensionsException}>() 20 .Or<TimeoutRejectedException>() 21 .WaitAndRetryAsync(new[] 22 { 23 TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1), 24 TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3), 25 TimeSpan.FromSeconds(6) 26 }); 27 28 var policyWrap = Policy.WrapAsync(retryPolicy,timeOutPolicy); 29 foreach (var keyValuePair in configuration.GetSection("Services").GetChildren()) //configuration..AsEnumerable() 30 { 31 //if (!keyValuePair.Key.Contains(':')) 32 services.AddHttpClient(keyValuePair.Key).AddPolicyHandler(policyWrap); //SetHandlerLifetime(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5)); default 2 .AddPolicyHandler(timeOutPolicy) 33 } 34 } 35 36 // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline. 37 public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env) 38 { 39 app.UseCors("CORS"); 40 app.UseRequestMiddleware(); 41 }
4.客戶端對網關的使用設計
*客戶端須要本身設計如何管理它請求的服務與版本
1 { 2 "AcceptPrefix": "vnd.saas.services.", 3 "AcceptKey": "version", 4 "Main": { 5 "ServiceName": "main", 6 "LastVersion": "v1", 7 "NewestVersion": "v2", 8 "AcceptContentType": "json" 9 } 10 11 }
到此,一個.net core實現的用來作api版本控制的簡單網關就搭建好了,還有不少細節須要深刻,還有不少功能須要擴展,初學.net core,歡迎指正討論!