Bytom交易說明(UTXO用戶本身管理模式)

比原項目倉庫:git

Github地址:https://github.com/Bytom/bytomgithub

Gitee地址:https://gitee.com/BytomBlockchain/bytomjson

該部分主要針對用戶本身管理私鑰和地址,並經過utxo來構建和發送交易。api

注意事項:app

如下步驟以及功能改造僅供參考,具體代碼實現須要用戶根據實際狀況進行調試,具體能夠參考單元測試案例代碼blockchain/txbuilder/txbuilder_test.go#L255單元測試

1.建立私鑰和公鑰

該部分功能能夠參考代碼crypto/ed25519/chainkd/util.go#L11,能夠經過 NewXKeys(nil) 建立主私鑰和主公鑰測試

func NewXKeys(r io.Reader) (xprv XPrv, xpub XPub, err error) {
	xprv, err = NewXPrv(r)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
	return xprv, xprv.XPub(), nil
}

2.根據公鑰建立接收對象

接收對象包含兩種形式:address形式和program形式,二者是一一對應的,任選其一便可。其中建立單籤地址參考代碼account/accounts.go#L267進行相應改造爲:ui

func (m *Manager) createP2PKH(xpub chainkd.XPub) (*CtrlProgram, error) {
	pubKey := xpub.PublicKey()
	pubHash := crypto.Ripemd160(pubKey)

	// TODO: pass different params due to config
	address, err := common.NewAddressWitnessPubKeyHash(pubHash, &consensus.ActiveNetParams)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	control, err := vmutil.P2WPKHProgram([]byte(pubHash))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return &CtrlProgram{
		Address:        address.EncodeAddress(),
		ControlProgram: control,
	}, nil
}

建立多籤地址參考代碼account/accounts.go#L294進行相應改造爲:調試

func (m *Manager) createP2SH(xpubs []chainkd.XPub) (*CtrlProgram, error) {
	derivedPKs := chainkd.XPubKeys(xpubs)
	signScript, err := vmutil.P2SPMultiSigProgram(derivedPKs, len(derivedPKs))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	scriptHash := crypto.Sha256(signScript)

	// TODO: pass different params due to config
	address, err := common.NewAddressWitnessScriptHash(scriptHash, &consensus.ActiveNetParams)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	control, err := vmutil.P2WSHProgram(scriptHash)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return &CtrlProgram{
		Address:        address.EncodeAddress(),
		ControlProgram: control,
	}, nil
}

3.找到可花費的utxo

找到可花費的utxo,其實就是找到接收地址或接收program是你本身的unspend_output。其中utxo的結構爲:(參考代碼account/reserve.go#L39code

// UTXO describes an individual account utxo.
type UTXO struct {
	OutputID bc.Hash
	SourceID bc.Hash

	// Avoiding AssetAmount here so that new(utxo) doesn't produce an
	// AssetAmount with a nil AssetId.
	AssetID bc.AssetID
	Amount  uint64

	SourcePos      uint64
	ControlProgram []byte

	AccountID           string
	Address             string
	ControlProgramIndex uint64
	ValidHeight         uint64
	Change              bool
}

涉及utxo構造交易的相關字段說明以下:

  • SourceID 前一筆關聯交易的mux_id, 根據該ID能夠定位到前一筆交易的output
  • AssetID utxo的資產ID
  • Amount utxo的資產數目
  • SourcePos 該utxo在前一筆交易的output的位置
  • ControlProgram utxo的接收program
  • Address utxo的接收地址

上述這些utxo的字段信息能夠從get-block接口返回結果的transaction中找到,其相關的結構體以下:(參考代碼api/block_retrieve.go#L26

// BlockTx is the tx struct for getBlock func
type BlockTx struct {
	ID         bc.Hash                  `json:"id"`
	Version    uint64                   `json:"version"`
	Size       uint64                   `json:"size"`
	TimeRange  uint64                   `json:"time_range"`
	Inputs     []*query.AnnotatedInput  `json:"inputs"`
	Outputs    []*query.AnnotatedOutput `json:"outputs"`
	StatusFail bool                     `json:"status_fail"`
	MuxID      bc.Hash                  `json:"mux_id"`
}

//AnnotatedOutput means an annotated transaction output.
type AnnotatedOutput struct {
	Type            string             `json:"type"`
	OutputID        bc.Hash            `json:"id"`
	TransactionID   *bc.Hash           `json:"transaction_id,omitempty"`
	Position        int                `json:"position"`
	AssetID         bc.AssetID         `json:"asset_id"`
	AssetAlias      string             `json:"asset_alias,omitempty"`
	AssetDefinition *json.RawMessage   `json:"asset_definition,omitempty"`
	Amount          uint64             `json:"amount"`
	AccountID       string             `json:"account_id,omitempty"`
	AccountAlias    string             `json:"account_alias,omitempty"`
	ControlProgram  chainjson.HexBytes `json:"control_program"`
	Address         string             `json:"address,omitempty"`
}

utxo跟get-block返回結果的字段對應關係以下:

`SourceID`       - `json:"mux_id"`
`AssetID`        - `json:"asset_id"`
`Amount`         - `json:"amount"`
`SourcePos`      - `json:"position"`
`ControlProgram` - `json:"control_program"`
`Address`        - `json:"address,omitempty"`

4.經過utxo構造交易

經過utxo構造交易就是使用spend_account_unspent_output的方式來花費指定的utxo。

第一步,經過utxo構造交易輸入TxInput和簽名須要的數據信息SigningInstruction,該部分功能能夠參考代碼account/builder.go#L169進行相應改造爲:

// UtxoToInputs convert an utxo to the txinput
func UtxoToInputs(xpubs []chainkd.XPub, u *UTXO) (*types.TxInput, *txbuilder.SigningInstruction, error) {
	txInput := types.NewSpendInput(nil, u.SourceID, u.AssetID, u.Amount, u.SourcePos, u.ControlProgram)
	sigInst := &txbuilder.SigningInstruction{}

	if u.Address == "" {
		return txInput, sigInst, nil
	}

	address, err := common.DecodeAddress(u.Address, &consensus.ActiveNetParams)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}

	switch address.(type) {
	case *common.AddressWitnessPubKeyHash:
		derivedPK := xpubs[0].PublicKey()
		sigInst.WitnessComponents = append(sigInst.WitnessComponents, txbuilder.DataWitness([]byte(derivedPK)))

	case *common.AddressWitnessScriptHash:
		derivedPKs := chainkd.XPubKeys(xpubs)
		script, err := vmutil.P2SPMultiSigProgram(derivedPKs, len(derivedPKs))
		if err != nil {
			return nil, nil, err
		}
		sigInst.WitnessComponents = append(sigInst.WitnessComponents, txbuilder.DataWitness(script))

	default:
		return nil, nil, errors.New("unsupport address type")
	}

	return txInput, sigInst, nil
}

第二步,經過utxo構造交易輸出TxOutput 該部分功能能夠參考代碼protocol/bc/types/txoutput.go#L20:

// NewTxOutput create a new output struct
func NewTxOutput(assetID bc.AssetID, amount uint64, controlProgram []byte) *TxOutput {
	return &TxOutput{
		AssetVersion: 1,
		OutputCommitment: OutputCommitment{
			AssetAmount: bc.AssetAmount{
				AssetId: &assetID,
				Amount:  amount,
			},
			VMVersion:      1,
			ControlProgram: controlProgram,
		},
	}
}

5.組合交易的input和output構成交易模板

經過上面已經生成的交易信息構造交易txbuilder.Template,該部分功能能夠參考blockchain/txbuilder/builder.go#L92進行改造爲:

type InputAndSigInst struct {
	input *types.TxInput
	sigInst *SigningInstruction
}

// Build build transactions with template
func BuildTx(inputs []InputAndSigInst, outputs []*types.TxOutput) (*Template, *types.TxData, error) {
	tpl := &Template{}
	tx := &types.TxData{}
	// Add all the built outputs.
	tx.Outputs = append(tx.Outputs, outputs...)

	// Add all the built inputs and their corresponding signing instructions.
	for _, in := range inputs {
		// Empty signature arrays should be serialized as empty arrays, not null.
		in.sigInst.Position = uint32(len(inputs))
		if in.sigInst.WitnessComponents == nil {
			in.sigInst.WitnessComponents = []witnessComponent{}
		}
		tpl.SigningInstructions = append(tpl.SigningInstructions, in.sigInst)
		tx.Inputs = append(tx.Inputs, in.input)
	}

	tpl.Transaction = types.NewTx(*tx)
	return tpl, tx, nil
}

6.對構造的交易進行簽名

帳戶模型是根據密碼找到對應的私鑰對交易進行簽名,這裏用戶能夠直接使用私鑰對交易進行簽名,能夠參考簽名代碼blockchain/txbuilder/txbuilder.go#L82進行改造爲:(如下改造僅支持單籤交易,多籤交易用戶能夠參照該示例進行改造)

// Sign will try to sign all the witness
func Sign(tpl *Template, xprv chainkd.XPrv) error {
	for i, sigInst := range tpl.SigningInstructions {
		h := tpl.Hash(uint32(i)).Byte32()
		sig := xprv.Sign(h[:])
		rawTxSig := &RawTxSigWitness{
			Quorum: 1,
			Sigs:   []json.HexBytes{sig},
		}
		sigInst.WitnessComponents = append([]witnessComponent(rawTxSig), sigInst.WitnessComponents...)
	}
	return materializeWitnesses(tpl)
}

7.提交交易上鍊

該步驟無需更改任何內容,直接參照wiki中提交交易的APIsubmit-transaction的功能便可

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