Linux如何查找大文件或目錄總結

  在Windows系統中，咱們可使用TreeSize工具查找一些大文件或文件夾，很是的方便高效，在Linux系統中，如何去搜索一些比較大的文件呢？下面我整理了一下在Linux系統中如何查找大文件或文件夾的方法。

 

1： 如何查找大文件？

其實不少時候，你須要瞭解當前系統下有哪些大文件，好比文件大小超過100M或1G（閥值視具體狀況而定）。那麼如何把這些大文件搜索出來呢？例如我要搜索當前目錄下，超過800M大小的文件

[root@getlnx01 u03]# pwd

/u03

[root@getlnx01 u03]# find . -type f -size +800M

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519197_s46815_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523646_s46822_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873521714_s46818_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873522876_s46820_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873517396_s46813_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523321_s46821_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873515765_s46811_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873520789_s46817_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873524162_s46823_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873518302_s46814_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519953_s46816_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873516500_s46812_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873513413_s46809_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873514789_s46810_s1

./oradata/epps/invsubmat_d08.dbf

./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d08.dbf

./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x01.dbf

./oradata/epps/undotbs02.dbf

./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d07.dbf

./oradata/epps/undotbs01.dbf

./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x02.dbf

 

如上命令所示，咱們僅僅能看到超過800M大小的文件的文件名稱，可是對文件的信息（例如，文件大小、文件屬性）一無所知，那麼可否更詳細顯示一些文件屬性或信息呢，固然能夠，以下所示

[root@getlnx01 u03]# find . -type f -size +800M  -print0 | xargs -0 ls -l

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2782846976 Mar  6 11:51 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873513413_s46809_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1878433792 Mar  6 11:53 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873514789_s46810_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1378492416 Mar  6 11:54 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873515765_s46811_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1641381888 Mar  6 11:56 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873516500_s46812_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1564065792 Mar  6 11:58 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873517396_s46813_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1663492096 Mar  6 12:00 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873518302_s46814_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1368244224 Mar  6 12:02 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519197_s46815_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1629069312 Mar  6 12:04 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519953_s46816_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1629954048 Mar  6 12:06 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873520789_s46817_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1202192384 Mar  6 12:07 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873521714_s46818_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1189388288 Mar  6 12:10 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873522876_s46820_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1089257472 Mar  6 12:11 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523321_s46821_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1097687040 Mar  6 12:12 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523646_s46822_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1051009024 Mar  6 12:13 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873524162_s46823_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4294975488 Apr  3 15:07 ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d07.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4194312192 Apr  1 22:36 ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d08.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4294975488 Apr  3 15:54 ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4294975488 Apr  3 15:57 ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x02.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4294975488 Apr  1 22:35 ./oradata/epps/invsubmat_d08.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 8589942784 Apr  4 09:55 ./oradata/epps/undotbs01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 8589942784 Apr  4 09:15 ./oradata/epps/undotbs02.dbf

當咱們只須要查找超過800M大小文件，並顯示查找出來文件的具體大小，可使用下面命令

[root@getlnx01 u03]# find . -type f -size +800M  -print0 | xargs -0 du -h

1.3G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519197_s46815_s1

1.1G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523646_s46822_s1

1.2G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873521714_s46818_s1

1.2G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873522876_s46820_s1

1.5G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873517396_s46813_s1

1.1G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523321_s46821_s1

1.3G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873515765_s46811_s1

1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873520789_s46817_s1

1004M   ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873524162_s46823_s1

1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873518302_s46814_s1

1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519953_s46816_s1

1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873516500_s46812_s1

2.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873513413_s46809_s1

1.8G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873514789_s46810_s1

4.1G    ./oradata/epps/invsubmat_d08.dbf

4.0G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d08.dbf

4.1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x01.dbf

8.1G    ./oradata/epps/undotbs02.dbf

4.1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d07.dbf

8.1G    ./oradata/epps/undotbs01.dbf

4.1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x02.dbf

 

若是你還須要對查找結果按照文件大小作一個排序，那麼可使用下面命令

[root@getlnx01 u03]# find . -type f -size +800M  -print0 | xargs -0 du -h | sort -nr

1004M   ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873524162_s46823_s1

8.1G    ./oradata/epps/undotbs02.dbf

8.1G    ./oradata/epps/undotbs01.dbf

4.1G    ./oradata/epps/invsubmat_d08.dbf

4.1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x02.dbf

4.1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x01.dbf

4.1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d07.dbf

4.0G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d08.dbf

2.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873513413_s46809_s1

1.8G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873514789_s46810_s1

1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873520789_s46817_s1

1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519953_s46816_s1

1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873518302_s46814_s1

1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873516500_s46812_s1

1.5G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873517396_s46813_s1

1.3G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519197_s46815_s1

1.3G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873515765_s46811_s1

1.2G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873522876_s46820_s1

1.2G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873521714_s46818_s1

1.1G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523646_s46822_s1

1.1G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523321_s46821_s1

不過如上截圖所示，有時候排列的順序並不徹底是按大小一致，這個是由於du命令的參數h所致，你能夠統一使用使用MB來顯示，這樣就能解決這個問題。到這裏，這個在Linux系統查找大文件的命令已經很是完美了，固然若是你還有不少的需求，那麼能夠在這個命令上作修改、調整.

 

2: 如何查找Linux下的大目錄

譬若有時候磁盤空間告警了，而你平時又疏於管理、監控文件的增加，那麼我須要快速的瞭解哪些目錄變得比較大，那麼此時咱們能夠藉助du命令來幫咱們解決這個問題。

[root@getlnx01 u03]# du -h --max-depth=1

16K     ./lost+found

33G     ./flash_recovery_area

37G     ./oradata

70G     .

若是你想知道flash_recovery_area目錄下面有哪些大文件夾，那麼能夠將參數max-depth=2 ，若是你想對搜索出來的結果進行排序，那麼能夠藉助於sort命令。以下所示

[root@getlnx01 u03]# du -h --max-depth=2 | sort -n

3.5G    ./flash_recovery_area/EPPS

16K     ./lost+found

29G     ./flash_recovery_area/backup

33G     ./flash_recovery_area

37G     ./oradata

37G     ./oradata/epps

70G     .

[root@getlnx01 u03]# du -hm --max-depth=2 | sort -n

1       ./lost+found

3527    ./flash_recovery_area/EPPS

29544   ./flash_recovery_area/backup

33070   ./flash_recovery_area

37705   ./oradata

37705   ./oradata/epps

70775   .

[root@getlnx01 u03]# cd /

[root@getlnx01 /]# du -hm --max-depth=2 | sort -n

有時候搜索出來的結果太多了（譬如，我從根目錄開始搜索），一直在刷屏，若是我只想查出最大的12個文件夾，怎麼辦呢？此時就要藉助head命令來顯示了

[root@getlnx01 /]# du -hm --max-depth=2 | sort -nr | head -12

407480  .

167880  ./u04

158685  ./u02/oradata

158685  ./u02

152118  ./u04/oradata

70775   ./u03

37705   ./u03/oradata

33070   ./u03/flash_recovery_area

5995    ./u01/app

5995    ./u01

3551    ./usr

1558    ./usr/share

[root@getlnx01 /]# 

 

參考資料：

http://linuxandfriends.com/how-to-find-large-files-in-linux-using-command-line/

http://www.docin.com/p-563963500.html