centos7 安裝python3.7.1

centos7自帶python2，因爲執行yum須要python2，因此即便安裝了python3也不能刪除python2
1.安裝依賴包
yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"

yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel libffi-devel

2.下載本身須要的python版本，例如python3.7.1,下載要花費一段時間，要耐心等待

yum -y install wget
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.1/Python-3.7.1.tar.xz

 

3.新建一個文件夾存放python3
mkdir /usr/local/python3 

 

4.把安裝包移動到該新建文件夾下，解壓安裝包，安裝python3,依次執行如下命令，花費時間較長，耐心等待

mv Python-3.7.1.tar.xz /usr/local/python3
tar -xvJf  Python-3.7.1.tar.xz
cd Python-3.7.1
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
make  
make install

 

5.建立軟鏈接
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

6.此時python3已經裝好，在命令行中輸入python3測試


7.修改yum配置文件，python2與python3共存
vi /usr/bin/yum

把#! /usr/bin/python修改成#! /usr/bin/python2（配置文件第一行）
同理
vi /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down

把文件裏面的#! /usr/bin/python 也修改成#! /usr/bin/python2
此時完成python3安裝，且實現與python2共存,保持yum命令可用

下面是Ubuntu配置：

sudo apt-get install gcc

sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libssl-dev libncurses5-dev libsqlite3-dev libreadline-dev tk-dev libgdbm-dev libdb-dev libpcap-dev xz-utils libexpat1-dev liblzma-dev libffi-dev libc6-dev

安裝好以後將一些文件開頭改爲系統的python版本，避免衝突

vim /usr/lib/command-not-found

vim /usr/bin/gnome-terminal