URL配置(URLconf)就像Django 所支撐網站的目錄。它的本質是URL模式以及要爲該URL模式調用的視圖函數之間的映射表;你就是以這種方式告訴Django,對於這個URL調用這段代碼,對於那個URL調用那段代碼html
urlpatterns = [
url(正則表達式, views視圖函數,參數,別名),
]
參數說明:web
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^articles/2003/$', views.special_case_2003), #url(r'^articles/[0-9]{4}/$', views.year_archive), url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive), #no_named group url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive), url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/([0-9]+)/$', views.article_detail), ]
Note:正則表達式
#1 There’s no need to add a leading slash, because every URL has that. For # example, it’s ^articles, not ^/articles. #2 A request to /articles/2005/03/ would match the third entry in the list. # Django would call the function views.month_archive(request, '2005', '03'). #3 /articles/2005/3/ would not match any URL patterns #4 /articles/2003/ would match the first pattern in the list, not the second one #5 /articles/2003/03/03/ would match the final pattern. Django would call the # functionviews.article_detail(request, '2003', '03', '03').
The above example used simple, non-named regular-expression groups (via parenthesis) to capture bits of the URL and pass them as positional arguments to a view. In more advanced usage, it’s possible to use named regular-expression groups to capture URL bits and pass them as keyword arguments to a view.express
In Python regular expressions, the syntax for named regular-expression groups is (?P<name>pattern)
, where name
is the name of the group and pattern
is some pattern to match.django
Here’s the above example URLconf, rewritten to use named groups:app
import re ret=re.search('(?P<id>\d{3})/(?P<name>\w{3})','weeew34ttt123/ooo') print(ret.group()) print(ret.group('id')) print(ret.group('name'))
from django.conf.urls import url from . import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^articles/2003/$', views.special_case_2003), url(r'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive), url(r'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive), url(r'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/(?P<day>[0-9]{2})/$', views.article_detail), ]
This accomplishes exactly the same thing as the previous example, with one subtle difference: The captured values are passed to view functions as keyword arguments rather than positional arguments.ide
URLconfs have a hook that lets you pass extra arguments to your view functions, as a Python dictionary.函數
The django.conf.urls.url()
function can take an optional third argument which should be a dictionary of extra keyword arguments to pass to the view function.post
For example:網站
from django.conf.urls import url from . import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^blog/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive, {'foo': 'bar'}), ]
In this example, for a request to /blog/2005/
, Django will call views.year_archive(request, year='2005',foo='bar')
.
This technique is used in the syndication framework to pass metadata and options to views.
Dealing with conflicts
It’s possible to have a URL pattern which captures named keyword arguments, and also passes arguments with the same names in its dictionary of extra arguments. When this happens, the arguments in the dictionary will be used instead of the arguments captured in the URL.
urlpatterns = [ url(r'^index',views.index,name='bieming'), url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), # url(r'^articles/2003/$', views.special_case_2003), url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive), # url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive), # url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/([0-9]+)/$', views.article_detail), ] ################### def index(req): if req.method=='POST': username=req.POST.get('username') password=req.POST.get('password') if username=='alex' and password=='123': return HttpResponse("登錄成功") return render(req,'index.html') ##################### <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> {# <form action="/index/" method="post">#} <form action="{% url 'bieming' %}" method="post"> 用戶名:<input type="text" name="username"> 密碼:<input type="password" name="password"> <input type="submit" value="submit"> </form> </body> </html>
#At any point, your urlpatterns can 「include」 other URLconf modules. This #essentially 「roots」 a set of URLs below other ones. #For example, here’s an excerpt of the URLconf for the Django website itself. #It includes a number of other URLconfs: from django.conf.urls import include, url urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')), ]