java version "1.7.0_67"java
HashMap的草圖:redis
Entry數組:數組
static final Entry<?,?>[] EMPTY_TABLE = {}; transient Entry<K,V>[] table = (Entry<K,V>[]) EMPTY_TABLE; transient int size; // map中鍵值對數量
構造函數只是設置了 loadFactor 和 threshold 的值,因此table仍是空的。安全
裝填因子loadFactor默認爲0.75,loadFactor = 鍵值對數量 / 數組大小數據結構
public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) { if (initialCapacity < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " + initialCapacity); if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY; if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " + loadFactor); this.loadFactor = loadFactor; //默認0.75 threshold = initialCapacity; //默認16 init(); } void init() { }
簡單分析put操做:函數
public V put(K key, V value) { //第一次put時,table是空的,須要擴容 if (table == EMPTY_TABLE) { inflateTable(threshold); } //null也能夠做爲鍵 if (key == null) return putForNullKey(value); //根據key的hashCode計算出hash值 int hash = hash(key); //根據hash值,定位到table中的位置 int i = indexFor(hash, table.length); //若是已存在相等key,更新value,並返回舊value for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) { Object k; // 兩個key相等的判斷條件: //1. key的hash值相等,key的地址相等 //2. key的hash值相等,key用equals比較相等 if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) { V oldValue = e.value; e.value = value; e.recordAccess(this); return oldValue; } } modCount++; //不存在相等的key,則使用頭插法加入鏈表中 addEntry(hash, key, value, i); return null; }
其實HashMap的內部數據結構仍是比較清晰的,日常用得也挺多,聽到最多的說法就是HashMap不是線程安全的,緣由簡單提一句,是在resize的過程當中可能會產生環。this
分析下HashMap resize的過程:HashMap的數據遷移是一次性的,相對而言,redis的作法比較有趣,把數據遷移分攤到get和set操做上。當map中鍵值對數量超過threshold時,不必定會發生resize。spa
void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) { // 若是map中鍵值對的數量達到了threshold,且當前槽掛着entry if ((size >= threshold) && (null != table[bucketIndex])) { //2倍擴展 resize(2 * table.length); hash = (null != key) ? hash(key) : 0; //擴展以後,table指向了新的數組,length也變了,從新計算index bucketIndex = indexFor(hash, table.length); } createEntry(hash, key, value, bucketIndex); } void resize(int newCapacity) { Entry[] oldTable = table; int oldCapacity = oldTable.length; if (oldCapacity == MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) { threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE; return; } Entry[] newTable = new Entry[newCapacity]; transfer(newTable, initHashSeedAsNeeded(newCapacity)); table = newTable; threshold = (int)Math.min(newCapacity * loadFactor, MAXIMUM_CAPACITY + 1); } void transfer(Entry[] newTable, boolean rehash) { int newCapacity = newTable.length; for (Entry<K,V> e : table) { while(null != e) { Entry<K,V> next = e.next; if (rehash) { e.hash = null == e.key ? 0 : hash(e.key); } int i = indexFor(e.hash, newCapacity); //這裏也是使用頭插法,因此原來鏈表的順序會翻轉 e.next = newTable[i]; newTable[i] = e; e = next; } } }