Docker 之 容器基本操做
1、查看本地容器進程
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a #顯示全部容器進程 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 9bd32b3b2ad0 hello-world "/hello" 20 hours ago Exited (0) 20 hours ago lucid_murdock fb2d81c98cd2 hello-world "/hello" 3 weeks ago Exited (0) 3 weeks ago great_bartik [root@docker ~]# docker ps #顯示當前運行的容器進程 CONTAINER ID IMAGE
2、容器啓動命令
[root@docker ~]# docker run --help Usage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...] OPTIONS：選項 -i : 表示啓動一個可交互的容器，並持續打開標準輸入 -t : 表示使用終端關聯到容器的標準輸入輸出上 -d : 表示將容器放置後臺運行 --rm : 退出後即刪除容器 --name : 表示定義容器惟一名稱 IMAGE: 表示要運行的鏡像 COMMAND : 表示啓動容器時運行的命令
3、啓動一個交互式的容器
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine latest cc0abc535e36 13 days ago 5.59MB
zhoumingkang/alpine v3.10.3 cc0abc535e36 13 days ago 5.59MB
alpine 3.9.4 055936d39205 8 months ago 5.53MB
hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 12 months ago 1.84kB
[root@docker ~]# docker run -ti -- name mingkang-test alpine:latest /bin/sh
/ # ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
18: eth0@if19: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP
link/ether 02:42:ac:07:05:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.7.5.2/24 brd 172.7.5.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # cat /etc/issue
Welcome to Alpine Linux 3.11
Kernel \r on an \m (\l)
[root@docker ~]# docker ps #查看當前運行的容器進程
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
08b02f026afe alpine:latest "/bin/sh" 7 seconds ago Up 5 seconds mingkang-test
4、容器退出後即刪除--rm（docker ps -a 查詢不了記錄）
[root@docker ~]# docker run --rm alpine:latest /bin/echo hello hello
5、之後臺的形式運行一個容器-d
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d --name mingkang-test3 alpine:latest /bin/sleep 3000 744b31fbaadfc9605d5dbe8d302ef9bd3de8208142aa00c1feffd86804347b01 [root@docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 744b31fbaadf alpine:latest "/bin/sleep 3000" 18 seconds ago Up 17 seconds mingkang-test3
6、進入一個容器exec
[root@docker ~]# docker exec -ti 744b31fbaadf /bin/sh #長長的字符串爲容器ID
/ # ps
PID USER TIME COMMAND
1 root 0:00 /bin/sleep 3000
6 root 0:00 /bin/sh
11 root 0:00 ps
/ #
7、中止/重啓/啓動一個容器（stop/restart/start）
[root@docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 744b31fbaadf alpine:latest "/bin/sleep 3000" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes mingkang-test3 [root@docker ~]# docker stop 744b31fbaadf #容器的ID號 744b31fbaadf [root@docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8、刪除docker ps 的內容
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
744b31fbaadf alpine:latest "/bin/sleep 3000" 12 minutes ago Exited (137) 8 minutes ago mingkang-test3
08b02f026afe alpine:latest "/bin/sh" 25 minutes ago Exited (0) 23 minutes ago mingkang-test
56760413d596 alpine:latest "/bin/sh" 28 minutes ago Exited (0) 27 minutes ago mingkang_test
eae500caa715 alpine:latest "/bin/sh" 34 minutes ago Exited (0) 29 minutes ago vigilant_boyd
c6fed43d8a09 alpine:latest "/bin/sh" 34 minutes ago Exited (0) 34 minutes ago keen_volhard
058aee8ef1eb alpine:latest "/bin/sh" 36 minutes ago Exited (0) 35 minutes ago quirky_morse
6d81bca654ab alpine:latest "/bin/sh" 37 minutes ago Exited (127) 36 minutes ago practical_torvalds
adc1a16a7bf6 alpine:latest "/bin/sh" 39 minutes ago Exited (0) 38 minutes ago unruffled_carson
20a5432e3266 alpine:latest "/bin/sh" 39 minutes ago Exited (0) 39 minutes ago elated_ellis
08bbe9c13d26 alpine:latest "/bin/sh" 40 minutes ago Exited (0) 40 minutes ago nifty_kalam
9bd32b3b2ad0 hello-world "/hello" 21 hours ago Exited (0) 21 hours ago lucid_murdock
fb2d81c98cd2 hello-world "/hello" 3 weeks ago Exited (0) 3 weeks ago great_bartik
[root@docker ~]# docker rm keen_volhard quirky_morse practical_torvalds unruffled_carson elated_ellis nifty_kalam lucid_murdock great_bartik
keen_volhard
quirky_morse
practical_torvalds
unruffled_carson
elated_ellis
nifty_kalam
lucid_murdock
great_bartik
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
744b31fbaadf alpine:latest "/bin/sleep 3000" 13 minutes ago Exited (137) 9 minutes ago mingkang-test3
08b02f026afe alpine:latest "/bin/sh" 26 minutes ago Exited (0) 24 minutes ago mingkang-test
56760413d596 alpine:latest "/bin/sh" 28 minutes ago Exited (0) 28 minutes ago mingkang_test
備註：如需刪除在運行的容器，使用docker rm -f 容器名稱/容器ID
循環所有刪除：
for i in `docker ps -a | grep -i exited|awk '{print $1}'`;do docker rm -f $i;done
9、容器的提交（把已寫入內容的容器提交爲鏡像）
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d --name myalpine alpine:latest /bin/sleep 30000 #後臺長時間運行一個容器 3ccd27be4d19a60f317d187ee99d7fcd76d368dccb0326f8789d6617fb39f457 [root@docker ~]# docker ps #查看運行的容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 3ccd27be4d19 alpine:latest "/bin/sleep 30000" 6 seconds ago Up 4 seconds myalpine [root@docker ~]# docker exec -ti myalpine /bin/sh #以交互的方式進入容器 / # ls bin dev etc home lib media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var / # touch hello.txt / # echo "hello world" > hello.txt / # cat hello.txt hello world [root@docker ~]# docker commit -p myalpine myalpine:latest_with_hello.txt #把名稱爲myalpine的容器提交爲一個新的鏡像 sha256:3ce9b8b899ba2018c01ca88fba6c24da6ff1287905a4ff4c60e968f129a22863 [root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE myalpine latest_with_hello.txt 3ce9b8b899ba 20 seconds ago 5.59MB alpine latest cc0abc535e36 13 days ago 5.59MB zhoumingkang/alpine v3.10.3 cc0abc535e36 13 days ago 5.59MB alpine 3.9.4 055936d39205 8 months ago 5.53MB hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 12 months ago 1.84kB #啓動該myalpin:latest_with_hello.txt 鏡像容器後，發現文件已經存在。
10、容器的導出與加載
導出myalpine:latest_with_hello.txt ----- [root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE myalpine latest_with_hello.txt 3ce9b8b899ba 20 minutes ago 5.59MB alpine latest cc0abc535e36 13 days ago 5.59MB zhoumingkang/alpine v3.10.3 cc0abc535e36 13 days ago 5.59MB alpine 3.9.4 055936d39205 8 months ago 5.53MB hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 12 months ago 1.84kB [root@docker ~]# docker save myalpine:latest_with_hello.txt > myalpine-latest_with_hello.txt.tar [root@docker ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg myalpine-latest_with_hello.txt.tar ----- 刪除剛剛導出的鏡像 [root@docker ~]# docker rmi myalpine:latest_with_hello.txt Untagged: myalpine:latest_with_hello.txt Deleted: sha256:3ce9b8b899ba2018c01ca88fba6c24da6ff1287905a4ff4c60e968f129a22863 Deleted: sha256:1d89a6f64295ef6889fef9ae917281e94d4d9e5c9b3eb98d5cc25c129f34f4b3 [root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE alpine latest cc0abc535e36 13 days ago 5.59MB zhoumingkang/alpine v3.10.3 cc0abc535e36 13 days ago 5.59MB alpine 3.9.4 055936d39205 8 months ago 5.53MB hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 12 months ago 1.84kB ----- 從新加載該鏡像 [root@docker ~]# docker load < myalpine-latest_with_hello.txt.tar e63a9b4f5484: Loading layer [==================================================>] 3.584kB/3.584kB Loaded image: myalpine:latest_with_hello.txt [root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE myalpine latest_with_hello.txt 3ce9b8b899ba 22 minutes ago 5.59MB alpine latest cc0abc535e36 13 days ago 5.59MB zhoumingkang/alpine v3.10.3 cc0abc535e36 13 days ago 5.59MB alpine 3.9.4 055936d39205 8 months ago 5.53MB hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 12 months ago 1.84kB
11、容器的日誌查看
[root@docker ~]# docker run hello-world:latest #運行一個容器
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(amd64)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a | grep -i hello #查看曾經運行的進程
1c5c26a209d4 hello-world:latest "/hello" 12 seconds ago Exited (0) 10 seconds ago angry_ellis
[root@docker ~]# docker logs 1c5c26a209d4 #查看該容器運行的日誌
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(amd64)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
[root@docker ~]#
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