網絡服務-DCHP原理與配置
實際操作過程：
| DHCP服務器配置
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf # DHCP Server Configuration file. # see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample //去這個文件寫進/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf # see 'man 5 dhcpd.conf' [[email protected] ~]# cat /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample >/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf option domain-name-servers 202.106.0.20, 8.8.8.8; //DNS服務器IP
default-lease-time 21600; //默認租約時間6小時 max-lease-time 43200; //最長租約時間 12小時
log-facility local7; 日誌記錄配置
subnet 192.168.64.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.64.2 192.168.64.254; IP地址池，該網段的IP地址範圍 option routers 192.168.64.2; 路由器網關 }
subnet 192.168.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.10.2 192.168.10.254; option routers 192.168.10.2; }
subnet 192.168.20.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.20.2 192.168.20.254; option routers 192.168.20.2; }
subnet 192.168.30.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.30.2 192.168.30.254; option routers 192.168.30.2; }
#host fantasia { # hardware ethernet 08:00:07:26:c0:a5; 客戶機mac地址 # fixed-address fantasia.fugue.com; 指定分配的IP地址 #} 保存退出 （注意：此DHCP服務器必須有一個網絡設備的IP屬於所設置的網段） [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/dhcpd restart //重啓DHCP服務 正在啓動 dhcpd： [確定] [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig dhcpd on [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig --list dhcpd dhcpd 0:關閉 1:關閉 2:啓用 3:啓用 4:啓用 5:啓用 6:關閉 [[email protected] ~]# ping 192.168.64.2 //查看是否ping通網關 [[email protected] ~]# tail -t /var/log/messages //用於排錯 DHCP配置完成
Linux中DHCP中繼配置 1、中繼添加個網卡 分別是 eth0 192.168.64.1 （VMnet 8） eth1 192.168.10.1 （VMnet 1） eth2 192.168.20.1 （VMnet 2） eth3 192.168.30.1 （VMnet 3） 注意：要先關閉虛擬機中本身的DHCP服務 Windows + R 輸入 service.msc
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| 2、網卡配置 [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 HWADDR=00:0c:29:67:47:bc TYPE=Ethernet UUID=1b7587cd-4646-46e7-b46d-7a6983d44c8a ONBOOT=yes //手動添加ONBOOT=yes （eth1 eth2 eth3 同樣添加） NM_CONTROLLED=yes BOOTPROTO=none IPADDR=192.168.64.2 //此設備IP與DHCP服務器的網關互指，且在同一網段上 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 DNS1=202.106.0.20 [[email protected] ~]# ip a //配置結果如下 中繼不配置網關 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNK NOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:67:47:bc brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.64.2/24 brd 192.168.64.255 scope global eth0 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe67:47bc/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNK NOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:67:47:c6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.10.1/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global eth1 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe67:47c6/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNK NOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:67:47:d0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.20.1/24 brd 192.168.20.255 scope global eth2 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe67:47d0/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 5: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNK NOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:67:47:da brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.30.1/24 brd 192.168.30.255 scope global eth3 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe67:47da/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [[email protected] ~]# service network start //啓動激活網卡
配置yum 關閉防火牆 關閉selinux [[email protected] ~]# yum -y install dhcp //DHCP 上安裝dhcp [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay //編輯這個文件 # Command line options here DHCRELAYARGS="192.168.64.101" ★ //指向是DHCP服務器IP # DHCPv4 only INTERFACES="eth0 eth1 eth2 eth3" # DHCPv4 only DHCPSERVERS="" [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/dhcrelay start //啓動中繼 [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig dhcrelay on [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig dhcrelay --list dhcrelay 0:關閉 1:關閉 2:啓用 3:啓用 4:啓用 5:啓用 6:關閉 [[email protected] ~]# ping 192.168.64.101 [[email protected] ~]# dhcrelay 192.168.64.101 DHCP配置完成
測試 Windows ：Windows 7 首先虛擬網絡編輯器中使用本地DHCP服務器中的去電鉤
Windows +R 輸入 cmd
Linux：CentOS 6.8 [[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ [[email protected] network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth1 [[email protected] network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth2 [[email protected] network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth3 [[email protected] network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 TYPE=Ethernet ONBOOT=yes //如果沒有手動添加 NM_CONTROLLED=yes BOOTPROTO=dhcp 多塊網卡下開啓路由功能 [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf #net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 [[email protected] network-scripts]# iptables -F //清空網卡策略 [[email protected] network-scripts]# dhclient -d //後面也可以加設備名 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:c5:6b:e5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.64.3/24 brd 192.168.64.255 scope global eth0 inet 192.168.64.4/24 brd 192.168.64.255 scope global secondary eth0 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec5:6be5/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:c5:6b:ef brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.10.2/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global eth1 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec5:6bef/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:c5:6b:f9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.20.2/24 brd 192.168.20.255 scope global eth2 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec5:6bf9/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 5: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:c5:6b:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.30.2/24 brd 192.168.30.255 scope global eth3 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec5:6b03/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever |
實際操作過程：
| DHCP服務器配置
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf # DHCP Server Configuration file. # see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample //去這個文件寫進/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf # see 'man 5 dhcpd.conf' [[email protected] ~]# cat /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample >/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf option domain-name-servers 202.106.0.20, 8.8.8.8; //DNS服務器IP
default-lease-time 21600; //默認租約時間6小時 max-lease-time 43200; //最長租約時間 12小時
log-facility local7; 日誌記錄配置
subnet 192.168.64.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.64.2 192.168.64.254; IP地址池，該網段的IP地址範圍 option routers 192.168.64.2; 路由器網關 }
subnet 192.168.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.10.2 192.168.10.254; option routers 192.168.10.2; }
subnet 192.168.20.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.20.2 192.168.20.254; option routers 192.168.20.2; }
subnet 192.168.30.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.30.2 192.168.30.254; option routers 192.168.30.2; }
#host fantasia { # hardware ethernet 08:00:07:26:c0:a5; 客戶機mac地址 # fixed-address fantasia.fugue.com; 指定分配的IP地址 #} 保存退出 （注意：此DHCP服務器必須有一個網絡設備的IP屬於所設置的網段） [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/dhcpd restart //重啓DHCP服務 正在啓動 dhcpd： [確定] [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig dhcpd on [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig --list dhcpd dhcpd 0:關閉 1:關閉 2:啓用 3:啓用 4:啓用 5:啓用 6:關閉 [[email protected] ~]# ping 192.168.64.2 //查看是否ping通網關 [[email protected] ~]# tail -t /var/log/messages //用於排錯 DHCP配置完成
Linux中DHCP中繼配置 1、中繼添加個網卡 分別是 eth0 192.168.64.1 （VMnet 8） eth1 192.168.10.1 （VMnet 1） eth2 192.168.20.1 （VMnet 2） eth3 192.168.30.1 （VMnet 3） 注意：要先關閉虛擬機中本身的DHCP服務 Windows + R 輸入 service.msc
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| 2、網卡配置 [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 HWADDR=00:0c:29:67:47:bc TYPE=Ethernet UUID=1b7587cd-4646-46e7-b46d-7a6983d44c8a ONBOOT=yes //手動添加ONBOOT=yes （eth1 eth2 eth3 同樣添加） NM_CONTROLLED=yes BOOTPROTO=none IPADDR=192.168.64.2 //此設備IP與DHCP服務器的網關互指，且在同一網段上 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 DNS1=202.106.0.20 [[email protected] ~]# ip a //配置結果如下 中繼不配置網關 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNK NOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:67:47:bc brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.64.2/24 brd 192.168.64.255 scope global eth0 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe67:47bc/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNK NOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:67:47:c6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.10.1/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global eth1 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe67:47c6/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNK NOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:67:47:d0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.20.1/24 brd 192.168.20.255 scope global eth2 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe67:47d0/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 5: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNK NOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:67:47:da brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.30.1/24 brd 192.168.30.255 scope global eth3 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe67:47da/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [[email protected] ~]# service network start //啓動激活網卡
配置yum 關閉防火牆 關閉selinux [[email protected] ~]# yum -y install dhcp //DHCP 上安裝dhcp [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay //編輯這個文件 # Command line options here DHCRELAYARGS="192.168.64.101" ★ //指向是DHCP服務器IP # DHCPv4 only INTERFACES="eth0 eth1 eth2 eth3" # DHCPv4 only DHCPSERVERS="" [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/dhcrelay start //啓動中繼 [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig dhcrelay on [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig dhcrelay --list dhcrelay 0:關閉 1:關閉 2:啓用 3:啓用 4:啓用 5:啓用 6:關閉 [[email protected] ~]# ping 192.168.64.101 [[email protected] ~]# dhcrelay 192.168.64.101 DHCP配置完成
測試 Windows ：Windows 7 首先虛擬網絡編輯器中使用本地DHCP服務器中的去電鉤
Windows +R 輸入 cmd
Linux：CentOS 6.8 [[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ [[email protected] network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth1 [[email protected] network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth2 [[email protected] network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth3 [[email protected] network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 TYPE=Ethernet ONBOOT=yes //如果沒有手動添加 NM_CONTROLLED=yes BOOTPROTO=dhcp 多塊網卡下開啓路由功能 [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf #net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 [[email protected] network-scripts]# iptables -F //清空網卡策略 [[email protected] network-scripts]# dhclient -d //後面也可以加設備名 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:c5:6b:e5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.64.3/24 brd 192.168.64.255 scope global eth0 inet 192.168.64.4/24 brd 192.168.64.255 scope global secondary eth0 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec5:6be5/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:c5:6b:ef brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.10.2/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global eth1 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec5:6bef/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:c5:6b:f9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.20.2/24 brd 192.168.20.255 scope global eth2 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec5:6bf9/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 5: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:c5:6b:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.30.2/24 brd 192.168.30.255 scope global eth3 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec5:6b03/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever |