Oracle監聽的靜態註冊和動態註冊

靜態註冊：經過解析listene.ora文件

動態註冊：由PMON進程動態註冊至監聽中

在沒有listener.ora配置文件的狀況下，若是啓動監聽，則監聽爲動態註冊。用圖形化netca建立的監聽，默認也爲動態註冊

1.靜態註冊

listener.ora文件，監聽的配置文件，靜態註冊讀取該文件，動態註冊，沒必要要

能夠經過netca工具建立，也能夠手動編輯。典型的listener.ora文件內容：

LISTENER_PHAMR =   (DESCRIPTION =     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = phamrdb1-vip)(PORT = 1521))   )   SID_LIST_LISTENER_PHALR =   (SID_LIST =     (SID_DESC =       (GLOBAL_DBNAME = phalr)       (ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/product/11.2.0)       (SID_NAME = phalr)     )   )

listener.ora文件兩大模塊：

LISTENER模塊：監聽名字、鏈接協議、監聽主機、監聽端口等基本配置信息

SID_LIST_LISTENER模塊：配置監聽的靜態註冊特性，包含數據庫服務名、ORACLE_HOME、實例名等信息。

注意：SID_NAME，就是數據庫實例名，在Linux環境大小寫敏感

GLOBAL_DBNAME就是數據庫服務名,能夠省略，默認和SID_NAME保持一致，也能夠不一致。

ORACLE_HOME，默認和$ORACLE_HOME環境變量保持一致。Windows，該參數無效，取自注冊表。

靜態註冊，監聽不知道實例的具體狀態，因此監聽啓動之初查看實例信息，其狀態信息顯示爲UNKNOWN.例如：

oracle@phamrdb1: /home/oracle> lsnrctl status LISTENER_PHAMR LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 17-NOV-2016 17:17:37 Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=phamrdb1-vip)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias                     LISTENER_PHAMR Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date                01-OCT-2016 14:12:51 Uptime                    47 days 3 hr. 4 min. 45 sec Trace Level               off Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP                      OFF Listener Parameter File   /oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File         /oracle/diag/tnslsnr/phamrdb1/listener_phamr/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary...   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.178.1.64)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "phamr" has 1 instance(s).     監聽狀態中的服務名   Instance "phamr", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...  監聽狀態中的實例名 The command completed successfully

2，動態註冊
在動態註冊監聽的環境中，listener.ora文件能夠不包括當前數據庫的實例信息，因此這個文件沒必要要。

實例啓動時，會由Oracle PMON進程將數據庫實例信息動態註冊至監聽上。

當Oracle實例關閉時，會再次由PMON進程自動從監聽裏面撤銷當前實例信息。

因此，要實現動態註冊，數據庫的實例至少要處於nomount狀態

監聽動態註冊時的實例狀態：來自PMON進程動態註冊時的實例狀態，通常有3種狀態：READY、BLOCKED和RESTRICED

READY：表示數據庫實例已經處於mount或者open狀態，能夠接受客戶端鏈接

BLOCKED：表示數據庫實例還處於nomount狀態或者該實例類型爲ASM實例，不接受客戶端鏈接，若是這時候客戶端去連

               接數據庫會報ora-12528錯誤

RESTRICED：表示數據庫處於RESTRICED模式，不接受普通權限的遠程客戶端鏈接，若是這時候客戶端去鏈接數據庫會報

                  ora-12526錯誤

oracle@fsdata: /oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin> lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 17-NOV-2016 16:01:43 Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved. Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias                     LISTENER Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date                17-NOV-2016 15:57:23 Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 4 min. 19 sec Trace Level               off Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP                      OFF Listener Log File         /oracle/diag/tnslsnr/fsdata/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary...   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=fsdata)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "FSDATA" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "FSDATA", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "FSDATAXDB" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "FSDATA", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully

oracle@fsdata: /oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin> lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 17-NOV-2016 15:58:47 Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved. Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias                     LISTENER Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date                17-NOV-2016 15:57:23 Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 23 sec Trace Level               off Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP                      OFF Listener Log File         /oracle/diag/tnslsnr/fsdata/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary...   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=fsdata)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "FSDATA" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "FSDATA", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully

實例既能夠動態註冊，同時靜態註冊，狀態分別顯示爲READY和UNKNOWN

oracle@fsdata: /oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin> lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 17-NOV-2016 17:50:14 Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=fsdata)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias                     LISTENER Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date                17-NOV-2016 15:57:23 Uptime                    0 days 1 hr. 52 min. 50 sec Trace Level               off Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP                      OFF Listener Parameter File   /oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File         /oracle/diag/tnslsnr/fsdata/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary...   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=fsdata)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "FSDATA" has 2 instance(s).   Instance "FSDATA", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...   Instance "FSDATA", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "FSDATAXDB" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "FSDATA", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully

3.監聽的經常使用命令

lsnrctl start [listener_name]

lsnrctl stop [listener_name]

lsnrctl status [listener_name]

lsnrctl service [listener_name]

lsnrctl reload [listener_name]

4.監聽的別名

監聽默認名字是LISTENER，能夠配置別名

oracle@fsdata: /dump> ps -ef | grep tnslsnr | grep  -v grep
oracle   29598     1  0 15:57 ?        00:00:00 /oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit

oracle@phamrdb1: /home/oracle> ps -ef | grep tnslsnr| grep -v grep oracle   38300     1  0 Oct01 ?        06:21:54 /oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER_PHAMR –inherit