Tomcat源碼解析系列(九)Pipeline 與 Valve

前言
上篇文章講到了 Wrapper 的啓動。在這篇文章中初次提到了 Pipeline 和 Valve。Pipeline的實現類是 StandardPipeline,StandardPipeline 繼承自 LifecycleBase,而 Valve 的實現類則比較多,這些實現類都繼承自基類 ValveBase,而 ValveBase 繼承自 LifecycleMBeanBase。apache


1. Pipeline 與 Valve 的初始化
在 ContainerBase 中有一個 Pipeline 類型的對象,其聲明爲:segmentfault

/**
 * The Pipeline object with which this Container is associated.
 */
protected final Pipeline pipeline = new StandardPipeline(this);
public StandardPipeline(Container container) {
    super();
    setContainer(container);
}

/**
 * The Container with which this Pipeline is associated.
 */
protected Container container = null;

@Override
public void setContainer(Container container) {
    this.container = container;
}

能夠看出,每個 Container 對象都包含了一個 Pipeline 對象,包括 Engine、Host、Context、Wrapper。app

public StandardEngine() {

    super();
    pipeline.setBasic(new StandardEngineValve());
    /* Set the jmvRoute using the system property jvmRoute */
    try {
        setJvmRoute(System.getProperty("jvmRoute"));
    } catch(Exception ex) {
        log.warn(sm.getString("standardEngine.jvmRouteFail"));
    }
    // By default, the engine will hold the reloading thread
    backgroundProcessorDelay = 10;

}
public StandardHost() {

    super();
    pipeline.setBasic(new StandardHostValve());

}
public StandardContext() {

    super();
    pipeline.setBasic(new StandardContextValve());
    broadcaster = new NotificationBroadcasterSupport();
    // Set defaults
    if (!Globals.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE) {
        // Strict servlet compliance requires all extension mapped servlets
        // to be checked against welcome files
        resourceOnlyServlets.add("jsp");
    }
}
public StandardWrapper() {

    super();
    swValve=new StandardWrapperValve();
    pipeline.setBasic(swValve);
    broadcaster = new NotificationBroadcasterSupport();

}
@Override
public void setBasic(Valve valve) {

    // Change components if necessary
    Valve oldBasic = this.basic;
    if (oldBasic == valve)
        return;

    // Stop the old component if necessary
    if (oldBasic != null) {
        if (getState().isAvailable() && (oldBasic instanceof Lifecycle)) {
            try {
                ((Lifecycle) oldBasic).stop();
            } catch (LifecycleException e) {
                log.error(sm.getString("standardPipeline.basic.stop"), e);
            }
        }
        if (oldBasic instanceof Contained) {
            try {
                ((Contained) oldBasic).setContainer(null);
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
            }
        }
    }

    // Start the new component if necessary
    if (valve == null)
        return;
    if (valve instanceof Contained) {
        ((Contained) valve).setContainer(this.container);
    }
    if (getState().isAvailable() && valve instanceof Lifecycle) {
        try {
            ((Lifecycle) valve).start();
        } catch (LifecycleException e) {
            log.error(sm.getString("standardPipeline.basic.start"), e);
            return;
        }
    }

    // Update the pipeline
    Valve current = first;
    while (current != null) {
        if (current.getNext() == oldBasic) {
            current.setNext(valve);
            break;
        }
        current = current.getNext();
    }

    this.basic = valve;

}

在每一個容器的構造函數中,都調用了 Pipeline#setBasic 方法給各自的 Pipeline 都設置了一個 Valve 對象。
能夠看出,每一個不一樣的 Container 對應的 Valve 實現類是不一樣的。這些不一樣的 Valve 實現類的父類都是 ValveBase。jvm

public StandardEngineValve() {
    super(true);
}
public StandardHostValve() {
    super(true);
}
public StandardContextValve() {
    super(true);
}
public StandardWrapperValve() {
    super(true);
}
public ValveBase(boolean asyncSupported) {
    this.asyncSupported = asyncSupported;
}

能夠看出在這四個類的構造方法中,都設置了 ValveBase 裏的 asyncSupported 屬性爲true。jsp

2. Pipeline#initInternal、startInternal 方法
在容器啓動的時候(ContainerBase#startInternal)調用了其成員屬性 Pipeline 的 start 方法。StandardPipeline,重寫了 LifecycleBase 的 initInternal 和 startInternal 方法async

@Override
protected void initInternal() {
    // NOOP
}


/**
 * Start {@link Valve}s) in this pipeline and implement the requirements
 * of {@link LifecycleBase#startInternal()}.
 *
 * @exception LifecycleException if this component detects a fatal error
 *  that prevents this component from being used
 */
@Override
protected synchronized void startInternal() throws LifecycleException {

    // Start the Valves in our pipeline (including the basic), if any
    Valve current = first;
    if (current == null) {
        current = basic;
    }
    while (current != null) {
        if (current instanceof Lifecycle)
            ((Lifecycle) current).start();
        current = current.getNext();
    }

    setState(LifecycleState.STARTING);
}

StandardPipeline 的 initInternal 方法是一個空實現,而 startInternal 方法,則是依次調用本身關聯的 Valve 的 start 方法。ide

3. ValveBase#initInternal、startInternal 方法
Valve 的實現類 StandardEngineValve、StandardHostValve、StandardContextValve 都沒有重載 initInternal 和 startInternal 方法, StandardWrapperValve 也沒有重載 startInternal 方法,重載了 initInternal,可是 StandardWrapperValve#initInternal 方法是一個空方法。函數

@Override
protected void initInternal() throws LifecycleException {
    super.initInternal();
    containerLog = getContainer().getLogger();
}


/**
 * Start this component and implement the requirements
 * of {@link org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase#startInternal()}.
 *
 * @exception LifecycleException if this component detects a fatal error
 *  that prevents this component from being used
 */
@Override
protected synchronized void startInternal() throws LifecycleException {
    setState(LifecycleState.STARTING);
}

ValveBase#initInternal、startInternal 都很簡單。ui


小結
本文分析了 Pipeline 和 Valve 的初始化,以及 init 和 start 過程,這兩個組件的初始化、init、start 相對來講比較簡單。Pipeline 和 Valve 真正起做用的時候是在 Connector 使用容器 Container 處理請求的時候,Connector 會找到本身關聯的 Service 的裏的 Container 對象(也就是 Engine 對象),而後獲取這個對象的 Pipeline,經過這個 Pipeline 對象獲取 Pipeline 對象的 Valve 對象,最後經過調用 Valve 對象的 invoke 方法來處理請求,以下面的代碼this

connector.getService().getContainer().getPipeline()
    .getFirst().invoke(request, response);

固然,這些內容將在後面的文章中揭祕,本文在此很少作討論。關於 Valve#invoke 方法,每一個實現類的內容都不相同,這裏也很少作描述了。

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