以前在Spring Boot啓動過程(二)提到過createEmbeddedServletContainer建立了內嵌的Servlet容器,我用的是默認的Tomcat。html
private void createEmbeddedServletContainer() { EmbeddedServletContainer localContainer = this.embeddedServletContainer; ServletContext localServletContext = getServletContext(); if (localContainer == null && localServletContext == null) { EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory(); this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory .getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer()); } else if (localServletContext != null) { try { getSelfInitializer().onStartup(localServletContext); } catch (ServletException ex) { throw new ApplicationContextException("Cannot initialize servlet context", ex); } } initPropertySources(); }
getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory方法中調用了ServerProperties,從ServerProperties的實例方法customize能夠看出Springboot支持三種內嵌容器的定製化配置:Tomcat、Jetty、Undertow。git
這裏直接說TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory的getEmbeddedServletContainer方法了,緣由在前面那篇裏說過了。不過首先是getSelfInitializer方法先執行的:github
private org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletContextInitializer getSelfInitializer() { return new ServletContextInitializer() { @Override public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException { selfInitialize(servletContext); } }; }
將初始化的ServletContextInitializer傳給了getEmbeddedServletContainer方法。進入了getEmbeddedServletContainer方法直接就是實例化了一個Tomcat:web
Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
而後生成一個臨時目錄,並tomcat.setBaseDir,setBaseDir方法的註釋說Tomcat須要一個目錄用於臨時文件而且它應該是第一個被調用的方法;若是方法沒有被調用會使用默認的幾個位置system properties - catalina.base, catalina.home - $PWD/tomcat.$PORT,另外/tmp從安全角度來講不建議。spring
接着:apache
Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
建立Connector過程當中,靜態代碼塊:單獨抽出來寫了。RECYCLE_FACADES屬性能夠經過啓動參數JAVA_OPTS來配置: -Dorg.apache.catalina.connector.RECYCLE_FACADES=,默認是false,配置成true能夠提升安全性但同時性能會有些損耗,參考:http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/config/systemprops.html和http://bztax.gov.cn/docs/security-howto.html。其餘屬性不細說了,Connector構造的邏輯主要是在NIO和APR選擇中選擇一個協議,個人是org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol,而後反射建立實例並強轉爲ProtocolHandler。關於apr,彷佛是更native,性能聽說更好,但我沒測,相關文檔可參考:http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-8.5-doc/apr.html。這裏簡單提一下coyote,它的主要做用是將socket接受的信息封裝爲request和response並提供給上Servlet容器,進行上下層之間的溝通,文檔我沒找到比較新的:http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-4.1-doc/config/coyote.html。STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE也是啓動參數控制,默認是false,配置項是org.apache.catalina.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE,默認狀況下會設置URIEncoding = "UTF-8"和URIEncodingLower = URIEncoding.toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH),相關詳細介紹可參考:http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/config/systemprops.html。Connector的建立過程比較關鍵,容我單獨寫一篇吧。tomcat
Connector實例建立好了以後tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector),getService的getServer中new了一個StandardServer,StandardServer的初始化主要是建立了globalNamingResources(globalNamingResources主要用於管理明明上下文和JDNI上下文),並根據catalina.useNaming判斷是否註冊NamingContextListener監聽器給lifecycleListeners。建立Server以後initBaseDir,先讀取catalina.home配置System.getProperty(Globals.CATALINA_BASE_PROP),若是沒取到則使用以前生成的臨時目錄,這段直接看代碼吧:安全
protected void initBaseDir() { String catalinaHome = System.getProperty(Globals.CATALINA_HOME_PROP); if (basedir == null) { basedir = System.getProperty(Globals.CATALINA_BASE_PROP); } if (basedir == null) { basedir = catalinaHome; } if (basedir == null) { // Create a temp dir. basedir = System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/tomcat." + port; } File baseFile = new File(basedir); baseFile.mkdirs(); try { baseFile = baseFile.getCanonicalFile(); } catch (IOException e) { baseFile = baseFile.getAbsoluteFile(); } server.setCatalinaBase(baseFile); System.setProperty(Globals.CATALINA_BASE_PROP, baseFile.getPath()); basedir = baseFile.getPath(); if (catalinaHome == null) { server.setCatalinaHome(baseFile); } else { File homeFile = new File(catalinaHome); homeFile.mkdirs(); try { homeFile = homeFile.getCanonicalFile(); } catch (IOException e) { homeFile = homeFile.getAbsoluteFile(); } server.setCatalinaHome(homeFile); } System.setProperty(Globals.CATALINA_HOME_PROP, server.getCatalinaHome().getPath()); }
而後又實例化了個StandardService,代碼並無什麼特別的:微信
service = new StandardService(); service.setName("Tomcat"); server.addService( service )
server.addService( service )這裏除了發佈了一個PropertyChangeEvent事件,也沒作什麼特別的,最後返回這個server。addConnector的邏輯和上面addService沒什麼區別。而後是customizeConnector,這裏設置了Connector的端口、編碼等信息,並將「bindOnInit」和對應值false寫入了最開頭說的靜態代碼塊中的replacements集合,IntrospectionUtils.setProperty(protocolHandler, repl, value)經過反射的方法將protocolHandler實現對象的setBindOnInit存在的狀況下(拼字符串拼出來的)set爲前面的false,這個方法裏有大量的判斷好比參數類型及setter的參數類型,好比返回值類型以及沒找到還會try a setProperty("name", "value")等,setProperty能夠處理好比AbstractEndpoint中有個HashMap<String, Object> attributes的屬性時會attributes.put(name, value)。若是是ssl還會執行customizeSsl方法,設置一些SSL用的屬性好比協議好比祕鑰還有能夠用上祕鑰倉庫等。若是配置了壓縮,這裏還會給協議的相關setter設置值。tomcat.setConnector(connector)不解釋。tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false),getHost方法中建立了StandardHost並設置host名(例如localhost),並getEngine().addChild( host );而後設置host的自動部署。configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine()),getEngine中若是engine爲null就初始化標準引擎,設置名字爲Tomcat,設置Realm和service.setContainer(engine),不過這裏engine已經在getHost初始化過了因此直接返回;configureEngine方法先設置引擎的後臺進程延遲,並將引擎的Value對象註冊給引擎的pipeline,此時尚無value對象實例。這裏簡單說明一下:value對象在Tomcat的各級容器中都有標準類型,而且各級容器都有一個pipeline,在請求處理過程當中會從各級的第一個value對象開始依次執行一遍,value用於加入到對應的各級容器的邏輯,默認有一個標註value實現,名字相似StandardHostValue。session
prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers),initializers這裏是AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext,Context級的根;準備Context的過程主要設置Base目錄,new一個TomcatEmbeddedContext並在構造中判斷了下loadOnStartup方法是否被重寫;註冊一個FixContextListener監聽,這個監聽用於設置context的配置狀態以及是否加入登陸驗證的邏輯;context.setParentClassLoader;設置各類語言的編碼映射,我這裏是en和fr設置爲UTF-8,此處可使用配置文件org/apache/catalina/util/CharsetMapperDefault .properties;設置是否使用相對地址重定向useRelativeRedirects=false,此屬性應該是Tomcat 8.0.30版本加上的;接着就是初始化webapploader,這裏和完整版的Tomcat有點不同,它用的是虛擬機的方式,會將加載類向上委託loader.setDelegate(true),context.setLoader(loader);以後就開始建立Wapper了,至此engine,host,context及wrapper四個層次的容器都建立完了:
private void addDefaultServlet(Context context) { Wrapper defaultServlet = context.createWrapper(); defaultServlet.setName("default"); defaultServlet.setServletClass("org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet"); defaultServlet.addInitParameter("debug", "0"); defaultServlet.addInitParameter("listings", "false"); defaultServlet.setLoadOnStartup(1); // Otherwise the default location of a Spring DispatcherServlet cannot be set defaultServlet.setOverridable(true); context.addChild(defaultServlet); addServletMapping(context, "/", "default"); }
connector從socket接收的數據,解析成HttpServletRequest後就會通過這幾層容器,有容器各自的Value對象鏈依次處理。
接着是是否註冊jspServlet,jasperInitializer和StoreMergedWebXmlListener我這裏是都沒有的。接着的mergeInitializers方法:
protected final ServletContextInitializer[] mergeInitializers( ServletContextInitializer... initializers) { List<ServletContextInitializer> mergedInitializers = new ArrayList<ServletContextInitializer>(); mergedInitializers.addAll(Arrays.asList(initializers)); mergedInitializers.addAll(this.initializers); return mergedInitializers .toArray(new ServletContextInitializer[mergedInitializers.size()]); }
configureContext(context, initializersToUse)對context作了些設置工做,包括TomcatStarter(實例化並set給context),LifecycleListener,contextValue,errorpage,Mime,session超時持久化等以及一些自定義工做:
TomcatStarter starter = new TomcatStarter(initializers); if (context instanceof TomcatEmbeddedContext) { // Should be true ((TomcatEmbeddedContext) context).setStarter(starter); } context.addServletContainerInitializer(starter, NO_CLASSES); for (LifecycleListener lifecycleListener : this.contextLifecycleListeners) { context.addLifecycleListener(lifecycleListener); } for (Valve valve : this.contextValves) { context.getPipeline().addValve(valve); } for (ErrorPage errorPage : getErrorPages()) { new TomcatErrorPage(errorPage).addToContext(context); } for (MimeMappings.Mapping mapping : getMimeMappings()) { context.addMimeMapping(mapping.getExtension(), mapping.getMimeType()); }
Session若是不須要持久化會註冊一個DisablePersistSessionListener。其餘定製化操做是經過TomcatContextCustomizer的實現類實現的:
context配置完了做爲child add給host,add時給context註冊了個內存泄漏跟蹤的監聽MemoryLeakTrackingListener。postProcessContext(context)方法是空的,留給子類重寫用的。
getEmbeddedServletContainer方法的最後一行:return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat)。
protected TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer( Tomcat tomcat) { return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat, getPort() >= 0); }
TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer的構造函數:
public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(Tomcat tomcat, boolean autoStart) { Assert.notNull(tomcat, "Tomcat Server must not be null"); this.tomcat = tomcat; this.autoStart = autoStart; initialize(); }
initialize的第一個方法addInstanceIdToEngineName對全局原子變量containerCounter+1,因爲初始值是-1,因此addInstanceIdToEngineName方法內後續的獲取引擎並設置名字的邏輯沒有執行:
private void addInstanceIdToEngineName() { int instanceId = containerCounter.incrementAndGet(); if (instanceId > 0) { Engine engine = this.tomcat.getEngine(); engine.setName(engine.getName() + "-" + instanceId); } }
initialize的第二個方法removeServiceConnectors,將上面new的connection以service(這裏是StandardService[Tomcat])作key保存到private final Map<Service, Connector[]> serviceConnectors中,並將StandardService中的protected Connector[] connectors與service解綁(connector.setService((Service)null);),解綁後下面利用LifecycleBase啓動容器就不會啓動到Connector了。
以後是this.tomcat.start(),這段比較複雜,我單獨總結一篇吧。
TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer的初始化,接下來是rethrowDeferredStartupExceptions,這個方法檢查初始化過程當中的異常,若是有直接在主線程拋出,檢查方法是TomcatStarter中的private volatile Exception startUpException,這個值是在Context啓動過程當中記錄的:
@Override public void onStartup(Set<Class<?>> classes, ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException { try { for (ServletContextInitializer initializer : this.initializers) { initializer.onStartup(servletContext); } } catch (Exception ex) { this.startUpException = ex; // Prevent Tomcat from logging and re-throwing when we know we can // deal with it in the main thread, but log for information here. if (logger.isErrorEnabled()) { logger.error("Error starting Tomcat context. Exception: " + ex.getClass().getName() + ". Message: " + ex.getMessage()); } } }
Context context = findContext():
private Context findContext() { for (Container child : this.tomcat.getHost().findChildren()) { if (child instanceof Context) { return (Context) child; } } throw new IllegalStateException("The host does not contain a Context"); }
綁定命名的上下文和classloader,不成功也無所謂:
try { ContextBindings.bindClassLoader(context, getNamingToken(context), getClass().getClassLoader()); } catch (NamingException ex) { // Naming is not enabled. Continue }
startDaemonAwaitThread方法的註釋是:與Jetty不一樣,Tomcat全部的線程都是守護線程,因此建立一個非守護線程(例:Thread[container-0,5,main])來避免服務到這就shutdown了:
private void startDaemonAwaitThread() { Thread awaitThread = new Thread("container-" + (containerCounter.get())) { @Override public void run() { TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer.this.tomcat.getServer().await(); } }; awaitThread.setContextClassLoader(getClass().getClassLoader()); awaitThread.setDaemon(false); awaitThread.start(); }
這個await每10秒檢查一次是否關閉了:
try { awaitThread = Thread.currentThread(); while(!stopAwait) { try { Thread.sleep( 10000 ); } catch( InterruptedException ex ) { // continue and check the flag } } } finally { awaitThread = null; } return;
回到EmbeddedWebApplicationContext,initPropertySources方法,用初始化好的servletContext完善環境變量:
/** * {@inheritDoc} * <p>Replace {@code Servlet}-related property sources. */ @Override protected void initPropertySources() { ConfigurableEnvironment env = getEnvironment(); if (env instanceof ConfigurableWebEnvironment) { ((ConfigurableWebEnvironment) env).initPropertySources(this.servletContext, null); } }
createEmbeddedServletContainer就結束了,內嵌容器的啓動過程至此結束。
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咱最近用的github:https://github.com/saaavsaaa
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