[Flutter必備]-Flex佈局徹底解讀

0.前言

Flex佈局是Flutter的五虎上將之一,虎父無犬子,其子Row和Column也能力非凡
你有沒有被mainAxisAlignment,crossAxisAlignment弄得暈頭轉向,本文將助你將他們歸入麾下。
先看一下父子三人在Flutter佈局體系中的位置:多子組件佈局bash


1.Flex的屬性一覽
屬性名 類型 默認值 簡介
direction Axis @required 軸向
mainAxisAlignment MainAxisAlignment start 主軸方向對齊方式
crossAxisAlignment CrossAxisAlignment center 交叉軸方向對齊方式
mainAxisSize MainAxisSize max 主軸尺寸
textDirection TextDirection null 文本方向
verticalDirection VerticalDirection down 豎直方向
textBaseline TextBaseline null 基線類型
children List [] 內部孩子

2.軸向:direction:Axis
enum Axis {
  horizontal,//水平
  vertical,//豎直
}
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也就是水平排放仍是豎直排放,能夠看出默認狀況下都是主軸頂頭,交叉軸居中
好比horizontal下主軸爲水平軸,交叉軸則爲豎直。也就是水平頂頭,豎直居中
這裏使用MultiShower快速展現,更好的對比出不一樣之處,MultiShower詳見微信

var direction =[Axis.horizontal,Axis.vertical];
var show = MultiShower(direction,(e){
  return Flex(
    direction: e,
    children: <Widget>[redBox,blueBox,yellowBox,greenBox],

  );
},color: Colors.black12,width: 300,height: 200);

var redBox= Container(
  color: Colors.red,
  height: 50,
  width: 50,
);

var blueBox= Container(
  color: Colors.blue,
  height: 30,
  width: 60,
);

var yellowBox= Container(
  color: Colors.yellow,
  height: 50,
  width: 100,
);

var greenBox= Container(
  color: Colors.green,
  height: 60,
  width: 60,
);
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3.主軸方向:mainAxisAlignment:MainAxisAlignment

主軸方向的排布規則,這裏以水平爲例,主軸爲水平方向。豎直類比便可ide

enum MainAxisAlignment {
  start,//頂頭
  end,//接尾
  center,//居中
  spaceBetween,//頂頭接尾,其餘均分
  spaceAround,//中間的孩子均分,兩頭的孩子空一半
  spaceEvenly,//均勻平分
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testMainAxisAlignment(){
  var redBox= Container(
    color: Colors.red,
    height: 50,
    width: 50,
  );

  var blueBox= Container(
    color: Colors.blue,
    height: 30,
    width: 60,
  );

  var yellowBox= Container(
    color: Colors.yellow,
    height: 10,
    width: 10,
  );

  var greenBox= Container(
    color: Colors.green,
    height: 50,
    width: 10,
  );

  var mainAxisAlignment =[
  MainAxisAlignment.start,MainAxisAlignment.center,
  MainAxisAlignment.end,MainAxisAlignment.spaceAround,
  MainAxisAlignment.spaceBetween,MainAxisAlignment.spaceEvenly];

  var show = MultiShower(mainAxisAlignment,(e){
    return Flex(
      direction: Axis.horizontal,
      mainAxisAlignment: e,
      children: <Widget>[redBox,blueBox,yellowBox,greenBox],

    );
  },color: Colors.black12,width: 200,height: 150);
  return show;
}
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4.交叉軸方向:crossAxisAlignment:CrossAxisAlignment
enum CrossAxisAlignment {
  start,//頂頭
  end,//接尾
  center,//居中
  stretch,//伸展
  baseline,//基線
}
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仍是水平爲例,交叉軸即是豎軸,這裏能夠看出他們的佈局行爲
其中須要注意的是CrossAxisAlignment.baseline使用時必須有textBaseline
其中textBaseline肯定對齊的是那種基線,分爲alphabeticideographic佈局

testCrossAxisAlignment(){
  var redBox= Container(
    color: Colors.red,
    height: 50,
    width: 50,
  );

  var blueBox= Container(
    color: Colors.blue,
    height: 30,
    width: 60,
  );

  var yellowBox= Container(
    color: Colors.yellow,
    height: 10,
    width: 10,
  );

  var greenBox= Container(
    color: Colors.green,
    height: 50,
    width: 10,
  );
  
  var crossAxisAlignment =[CrossAxisAlignment.start,CrossAxisAlignment.center,
    CrossAxisAlignment.end,CrossAxisAlignment.stretch,CrossAxisAlignment.baseline];

  var show = MultiShower(crossAxisAlignment,(e){
    return Flex(
      direction: Axis.horizontal,
      crossAxisAlignment: e,
      textBaseline: TextBaseline.alphabetic,//基線類型
      children: <Widget>[redBox,blueBox,yellowBox,greenBox],

    );
  },color: Colors.black12,width: 200,height: 140);

  return show;
}
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5.主軸尺寸:mainAxisSize
enum MainAxisSize {
  min,
  max,
}
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當父容器的寬未約束,Flex默認會將自身儘量延伸,這即是MainAxisSize.maxpost

此時改成MainAxisSize.min時,它不會延伸本身的區域,自會包裹內容ui

testMainAxisSize(){
  var redBox= Container(
    color: Colors.red,
    height: 50,
    width: 50,
  );

  var blueBox= Container(
    color: Colors.blue,
    height: 30,
    width: 60,
  );

  var yellowBox= Container(
    color: Colors.yellow,
    height: 10,
    width: 10,
  );

  var greenBox= Container(
    color: Colors.green,
    height: 50,
    width: 10,
  );

  return Center(child: Flex(
    direction: Axis.horizontal,
    mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.max,
    children: <Widget>[redBox,blueBox,yellowBox,greenBox],

  ),);
}
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6.文字方向:textDirection:TextDirection
enum TextDirection {
  ltr,//從左到右
  rtl,//從右到左
}
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這個很是好理解,很少言了spa

testTextDirection(){
  var redBox= Container(
    color: Colors.red,
    height: 50,
    width: 50,
  );

  var blueBox= Container(
    color: Colors.blue,
    height: 30,
    width: 60,
  );

  var yellowBox= Container(
    color: Colors.yellow,
    height: 10,
    width: 10,
  );

  var greenBox= Container(
    color: Colors.green,
    height: 50,
    width: 10,
  );

  var textDirection =[TextDirection.ltr,TextDirection.rtl];
  var show = MultiShower(textDirection,(e){
    return Flex(
      direction: Axis.horizontal,
      textDirection: e,
      children: <Widget>[redBox,blueBox,yellowBox,greenBox],

    );
  },color: Colors.black12,width: 200,height: 140);
  return show;
}
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7.豎直方向排序:verticalDirection:VerticalDirection
enum VerticalDirection{
    up,
    down,
}
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testVerticalDirection(){
  var redBox= Container(
    color: Colors.red,
    height: 50,
    width: 50,
  );

  var blueBox= Container(
    color: Colors.blue,
    height: 30,
    width: 60,
  );

  var yellowBox= Container(
    color: Colors.yellow,
    height: 10,
    width: 10,
  );

  var greenBox= Container(
    color: Colors.green,
    height: 50,
    width: 10,
  );

  var verticalDirection =[VerticalDirection.up,VerticalDirection.down];

  var show = MultiShower(verticalDirection,(e){
    return Flex(
      direction: Axis.vertical,
      verticalDirection: e
      children: <Widget>[redBox,blueBox,yellowBox,greenBox],

    );
  },color: Colors.black12,width: 200,height: 140);

  return show;
}
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8.基線對齊方式:textBaseline:TextBaseline
enum TextBaseline {
  alphabetic,
  ideographic,
}
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testTextBaseline(){
  var redBox= Text(
    "張風捷特烈",style: TextStyle(fontSize: 20,backgroundColor: Colors.red),
  );

  var blueBox= Text(
    "toly",style: TextStyle(fontSize: 50,backgroundColor: Colors.blue),
  );

  var yellowBox=  Text(
    "1994",style: TextStyle(fontSize: 30,backgroundColor: Colors.green),
  );

  var textBaseline =[TextBaseline.alphabetic,TextBaseline.ideographic];

  var show = MultiShower(textBaseline,(e){
    return Flex(
      direction: Axis.horizontal,
      crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.baseline,
      textBaseline: e,
      children: <Widget>[redBox,blueBox,yellowBox],
    );
  },color: Colors.black12,width: 300,height: 140);

  return show;
}
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至此,Flutter中的Flex佈局就已經徹底解讀完了。
其中Flutter的孩子Row是direction: Axis.horizontal,Column是direction: Axis.vertical,
其餘的屬性都是相似的,至關於Flex的簡化版,因此Flex在手,天下我有。3d


Expanded與Flex的搭配--- [更新於2019.1.22]

還要一點是關於Expanded,也比較保用,它能與Flex佈局結合,變動孩子尺寸code

c1:綠色  c2:紅色  c3:黃色
1).Expanded--c2:c1和c3將不變,c2延伸本身佔滿剩餘部分
2).同時Expanded--c2和c3,最終c2和c3的長度是同樣的
3).同時Expanded--c1,c2和c3,最終c1,c2,c3長度都是同樣的
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expaned.png


9.用Flex佈局寫個小例子

光說不練假把式,光練不說空把式,下面就用一個佈局來實際看一下Flex的強大cdn

  • 首先簡單的分析一下

1.由上中下三行,能夠用Column
2.第一行由圖標,文字和文字組成,其中兩頭分處左右,能夠用Expanded處理  
3.中間比較複雜由一個Row中包含兩部分,左邊是一個兩行Column的內容,右邊是文字  
4.底部是一個Row,主軸對齊是start
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  • 佈局代碼
showItem() {
  var infoStyle = TextStyle(color: Color(0xff999999), fontSize: 13);
  var littleStyle = TextStyle(color: Colors.black, fontSize: 16);

  var top = Row(//頂部,經過Flex佈局的Row進行橫向排列,Expanded中間
    children: <Widget>[
      Image.asset("images/icon_head.png", width: 20, height: 20),
      Expanded(
        child: Padding(
          child: Text("張風捷特烈"),
          padding: EdgeInsets.only(left: 4),
        ),
      ),
      Text(
        "Flutter/Dart",
        style: infoStyle,
      )
    ],
  );

  var content = Column(//中間文字內容,交叉軸爲start
    mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
    crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
    children: <Widget>[
      Text(
        "[Flutter必備]-Flex佈局徹底解讀",
        style: littleStyle,
        maxLines: 2,
        overflow: TextOverflow.ellipsis,
      ),
      Padding(
        child: Text("也就是水平排放仍是豎直排放,能夠看出默認狀況下都是主軸頂頭,"
            "交叉軸居中好比horizontal下主軸爲水平軸,交叉軸則爲豎直。也就是水平頂頭,豎直居中"
            "這裏使用MultiShower快速展現,更好的對比出不一樣之處",
            style: infoStyle, maxLines: 2, overflow: TextOverflow.ellipsis),
        padding: EdgeInsets.only(top: 5),
      ),
    ],
  );

  var center = Row(//中間的部分
    children: <Widget>[
      Expanded(
          child: Padding(
        child: content,
        padding: EdgeInsets.all(5),
      )),
      ClipRRect(
        borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(5)),
        child: Image.asset("images/wy_300x200.jpg",
          width: 80, height: 80, fit: BoxFit.cover),)
    ],
  );

  var end = Row(//底部
    children: <Widget>[
      Icon(
        Icons.grade,
        color: Colors.green,
        size: 20,
      ),
      Text(
        "1000W",
        style: infoStyle,
      ),
      Padding(child:Icon(Icons.tag_faces, color: Colors.lightBlueAccent, size: 20),
          padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 5),),
      Text("2000W", style: infoStyle),
    ],
  );

  var result = Card(//整體拼合
      child: Container(
          height: 160,
          color: Colors.white,
          padding: EdgeInsets.all(10),
          child: Column(children: <Widget>[top, Expanded(child: center), end])));
  return result;
}
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結語

本文到此接近尾聲了,若是想快速嚐鮮Flutter,《Flutter七日》會是你的必備佳品;若是想細細探究它,那就跟隨個人腳步,完成一次Flutter之旅。
另外本人有一個Flutter微信交流羣,歡迎小夥伴加入,共同探討Flutter的問題,本人微信號:zdl1994328,期待與你的交流與切磋。

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