上文在手把手帶你實現最簡單的插件化[一]咱們實現了最簡單的插件化,也介紹了插件化實現過程當中須要用到的知識點,最後咱們實現了從app中加載sd卡中的dex文件,調用dex中Test類的方法。今天咱們將實現Activity的插件化,Activity是須要在清單文件中註冊的,插件中的Activity沒有在宿主的清單文件中註冊,那麼咱們如何啓動它呢?java
Activity是四大組件用的最頻繁的組件,Activity的插件化也是各大插件化框架必須實現的功能。Activity插件化與Activity的啓動有着密切的關係。android
Activity的啓動過程須要由應用進程與AMS共同完成,當要啓動一個Activity時,應用進程會向AMS發起請求,AMS收到這個包含要啓動的Activity信息的請求後會進行一些列的處理以及權限校驗,處理校驗完成後回調到應用進程,由Activity所屬的應用進程完成Activity的啓動。數組
所以現有的插件化框架都會有一套越過AndroidMainfest.xml註冊而啓動Activity的機制,本文就帶大家實現和分析這一套機制。性能優化
由於AMS會進行Activity的處理和權限校驗(是否註冊),處理校驗完會回到應用進程,由Activity所屬的應用進程完成Activity的啓動。那麼思路就來了,咱們能夠在宿主App中建立一個ProxyActivity繼承自Activity,而且在清單中註冊,當啓動插件中的Activity的時候,在系統檢測前,找到一個Hook點,而後經過Hook將插件Activity替換成ProxyActivity,等到AMS檢測完以後,再找一個Hook點將它們換回來,這樣就實現了插件Activity的啓動。思路雖然簡單,可是須要熟悉Activity啓動流程,動態代理,反射,Handler等原理,因此其實並不簡單,須要很深的功力。markdown
先來看一下Activity的啓動流程app
經過這張圖咱們能夠肯定Hook點的大體位置。框架
咱們在啓動Activity通常經過Intent包裝後調用startActivity來啓動,咱們能夠在AMS檢查以前將Intent中的要啓動的Activity替換爲咱們本地已經註冊過的ProxyActivity,同時把咱們要啓動的插件Activity保存在Intent中,而後在通過AMS校驗以後,再把Intent中的ProxyActivity再替換爲插件中的Activity並啓動,也就是說可以修改Intent的地方就能夠做爲Hook點。ide
這裏要強調一下,查找Hook點應該儘可能找靜態變量或者單例對象,儘可能Hook public的對象和方法。爲何呢?由於靜態變量好獲取,不容易被改變,並且靜態變量只要找一個,不是靜態變量就可能有多個對象,須要進一步的判斷;爲何要找public方法呢,由於private方法可能被內部調用,影響該類的多個方法,固然這不是主要緣由(public也有可能),主要是public是提供給外部使用的,通常是不容易改變。oop
下面咱們進入源碼post
//Activity.java
@Override
public void startActivity(Intent intent) {
this.startActivity(intent, null);
}
@Override
public void startActivity(Intent intent, @Nullable Bundle options) {
if (options != null) {
startActivityForResult(intent, -1, options);
} else {
// Note we want to go through this call for compatibility with
// applications that may have overridden the method.
startActivityForResult(intent, -1);
}
}
public void startActivityForResult(@RequiresPermission Intent intent, int requestCode, @Nullable Bundle options) {
if (mParent == null) {
options = transferSpringboardActivityOptions(options);
Instrumentation.ActivityResult ar =
mInstrumentation.execStartActivity(
this, mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mToken, this,
intent, requestCode, options);
···
}
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而後咱們進入Instrumentation的execStartActivity方法中
public ActivityResult execStartActivity( Context who, IBinder contextThread, IBinder token, Activity target, Intent intent, int requestCode, Bundle options) {
IApplicationThread whoThread = (IApplicationThread) contextThread;
Uri referrer = target != null ? target.onProvideReferrer() : null;
if (referrer != null) {
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_REFERRER, referrer);
}
···
try {
intent.migrateExtraStreamToClipData();
intent.prepareToLeaveProcess(who);
//這裏就是咱們的Hook點,替換傳入startActivity方法中的Intent參數
int result = ActivityManager.getService()
.startActivity(whoThread, who.getBasePackageName(), intent,
intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()),
token, target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null,
requestCode, 0, null, options);
checkStartActivityResult(result, intent);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failure from system", e);
}
return null;
}
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爲何就能直接看出這是個Hook點呢,由於ActivityManager.getService().startActivity
這個調用中含有參數Intent,同時getService()
方法是一個靜態public方法,方便hook
public static IActivityManager getService() {
return IActivityManagerSingleton.get();
}
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找到該Hook點,經過動態代理(IActivityManager是個接口),咱們要生成一個代理對象,咱們要代理的是ActivityManager.getService()
返回的對象,同時替換它的參數Intent
//建立動態代理對象
Class<?> iActivityManagerClass = Class.forName("android.app.IActivityManager");
Object proxyInstance = Proxy.newProxyInstance(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(),
new Class[]{iActivityManagerClass}, new InvocationHandler() {
@Override
public Object invoke(Object o, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
// do something
// Intent的修改 -- 過濾
/** * IActivityManager類的方法 * startActivity(whoThread, who.getBasePackageName(), intent, * intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()), * token, target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null, * requestCode, 0, null, options) */
//過濾
if ("startActivity".equals(method.getName())) {
int index = -1;
//獲取Intent參數在args數組中的index值
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
if (args[i] instanceof Intent) {
index = i;
break;
}
}
//獲得原始的Intent對象
Intent intent = (Intent) args[index];
//生成代理proxyIntent
Intent proxyIntent = new Intent();
proxyIntent.setClassName("com.jackie.plugingodemo", ProxyActivity.class.getName());
//保存原始的Intent對象
proxyIntent.putExtra(TARGET_INTENT, intent);
//使用proxyIntent替換數組中的Intent
args[index] = proxyIntent;
}
//args method須要的參數 --不改變原有的執行流程
//mInstance 系統的IActivityManager對象
return method.invoke(mInstance, args);
}
});
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接着咱們再使用反射將系統中的IActivityManager對象替換爲咱們的代理對象proxyInstance,如何替換?咱們來看一下源碼。
//ActivityManager.class
public static IActivityManager getService() {
return IActivityManagerSingleton.get();
}
private static final Singleton<IActivityManager> IActivityManagerSingleton =
new Singleton<IActivityManager>() {
@Override
protected IActivityManager create() {
final IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
final IActivityManager am = IActivityManager.Stub.asInterface(b);
return am;
}
};
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再來看看SingleTon的源碼
public abstract class Singleton<T> {
private T mInstance;
protected abstract T create();
public final T get() {
synchronized (this) {
if (mInstance == null) {
mInstance = create();
}
return mInstance;
}
}
}
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能夠看到,IActivityManagerSingleton.get()
實際上返回的就是mInstance對象,接下來咱們要替換的就是這個對象,代碼以下:
//獲取Singleton<T>對象
Field singletonField = null;
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.O) { //8.0
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("android.app.ActivityManagerNative");
singletonField = clazz.getDeclaredField("gDefault");
} else {
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("android.app.ActivityManager");
singletonField = clazz.getDeclaredField("IActivityManagerSingleton");
}
singletonField.setAccessible(true);
Object singleton = singletonField.get(null); //靜態的能夠直接獲取,傳入null
//獲取mInstance對象,mInstance是非靜態的,mInstance對象是系統的IActivityManager對象,也就是ActivityManager.getService()
Class<?> singletonClass = Class.forName("android.util.Singleton");
Field mInstanceField = singletonClass.getDeclaredField("mInstance");
mInstanceField.setAccessible(true);
final Object mInstance = mInstanceField.get(singleton);
//建立動態代理對象
···
//替換
mInstanceField.set(singleton, proxyInstance);
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到此爲止,咱們的第一次Hook就已經實現了,下面咱們來看第二次Hook點。
從前面的那張圖咱們能夠看到在出來的時候,會調用H(handler)
的handleMessage方法,在handleMessage方法中(注意這裏是android 7.0,和8.0/9.0的源碼不一樣)
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
1452 if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) Slog.v(TAG, ">>> handling: " + codeToString(msg.what));
1453 switch (msg.what) {
1454 case LAUNCH_ACTIVITY: {
1455 Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityStart");
1456 final ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord) msg.obj;
1457
1458 r.packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck(
1459 r.activityInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo);
1460 handleLaunchActivity(r, null, "LAUNCH_ACTIVITY");
1461 Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
1462 } break;
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在這裏咱們並無看到咱們的Intent,繼續玩下看handleLaunchActivity
private void handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent, String reason) {
2688 // If we are getting ready to gc after going to the background, well
2689 // we are back active so skip it.
2690 unscheduleGcIdler();
2691 mSomeActivitiesChanged = true;
2692
2693 if (r.profilerInfo != null) {
2694 mProfiler.setProfiler(r.profilerInfo);
2695 mProfiler.startProfiling();
2696 }
2697
2698 // Make sure we are running with the most recent config.
2699 handleConfigurationChanged(null, null);
2700
2701 if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
2702 TAG, "Handling launch of " + r);
2703
2704 // Initialize before creating the activity
2705 WindowManagerGlobal.initialize();
2706
2707 Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);
···
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注意這個方法的參數customIntent並非咱們想要的Intent,由於上面該參數傳的是null。繼續看performLaunchActivity
private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
2515 // System.out.println("##### [" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "] ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(" + r + ")");
2516
2517 ActivityInfo aInfo = r.activityInfo;
2518 if (r.packageInfo == null) {
2519 r.packageInfo = getPackageInfo(aInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo,
2520 Context.CONTEXT_INCLUDE_CODE);
2521 }
2522
2523 ComponentName component = r.intent.getComponent();
2524 if (component == null) {
2525 component = r.intent.resolveActivity(
2526 mInitialApplication.getPackageManager());
2527 r.intent.setComponent(component);
2528 }
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能夠看到該方法中有(ActivityClientRecord)r.intent
方法,注意,不是說有看到Intent的能夠Hook,也要看這個intent所屬的是什麼對象,也就是說你要熟悉系統中的一些常見類,ActivityRecord和ActivityClientRecord都是保存Activity信息的對象。只不過,ActivityRecord歸system_server進程使用,ActivityClientRecord歸App進程使用。
因此這裏能夠對ActivityClientRecord的intent進行hook,ActivityClientRecord方法中的intent(非靜態)
static final class ActivityClientRecord {
310 IBinder token;
311 int ident;
312 Intent intent;
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要獲取非靜態的intent,首先咱們要獲取ActivityClientRecord對象,那麼若是獲取該對象呢?倒推回去,performLaunchActivity被handleLaunchActivity調用,而後handleLaunchActivity在處理LAUNCH_ACTIVITY消息時被調用
final ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord) msg.obj;
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能夠看到,咱們的這個r(ActivityClientRecord)
其實是個msg.obj,也就是說能拿到msg(Message)就能夠拿到r對象了,那怎麼拿到msg呢,也就是咱們上面說的mCallback,將mCallback做爲hook點,替換或建立整個mCallback,咱們就能夠拿到該消息了。
下面咱們來看一下Handler的源碼:
/** * Handle system messages here. */
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
if (msg.callback != null) {
handleCallback(msg);
} else {
if (mCallback != null) {
if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
return;
}
}
handleMessage(msg);
}
}
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若是不瞭解Handler的源碼,能夠看看我以前寫的文章Handler的初級、中級、高級問法,你都掌握了嗎?,消息的發送最終會調用dispatchMessage方法,而後分發給handleMessage方法(若是該方法有被調用的話),仔細看該方法,若是Handle.mCallback
不爲空的話,會首先執行mCallback.handleMessage(msg)
方法,同時只有在mCallback.handleMessage(msg)
返回爲false的時候,纔會繼續執行下面的handleMessage方法,這個很是重要。咱們再來看系統的H(Handler)
//ActivityThread.java
final H mH = new H();
//Handler.java
113 public Handler() { //第一個參數是callback
114 this(null, false);
115 }
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也就是說系統的這個Handler在傳callback參數時是空的,沒有Callback,那麼咱們須要本身建立一個Callback
// 建立的 callback
Handler.Callback callback = new Handler.Callback() {
@Override
public boolean handleMessage(@NonNull Message msg) {
// 經過msg 能夠拿到 Intent,能夠換回執行插件的Intent
// 找到 Intent的方便替換的地方 --- 在這個類裏面 ActivityClientRecord --- Intent intent 非靜態
// msg.obj == ActivityClientRecord
switch (msg.what) {
case 100:
try {
Field intentField = msg.obj.getClass().getDeclaredField("intent");
intentField.setAccessible(true);
// 啓動代理Intent
Intent proxyIntent = (Intent) intentField.get(msg.obj);
// 啓動插件的 Intent
Intent intent = proxyIntent.getParcelableExtra(TARGET_INTENT);
if (intent != null) {
intentField.set(msg.obj, intent);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
break;
case 159:
try {
// 獲取 mActivityCallbacks 對象
Field mActivityCallbacksField = msg.obj.getClass()
.getDeclaredField("mActivityCallbacks");
mActivityCallbacksField.setAccessible(true);
List mActivityCallbacks = (List) mActivityCallbacksField.get(msg.obj);
for (int i = 0; i < mActivityCallbacks.size(); i++) {
if (mActivityCallbacks.get(i).getClass().getName()
.equals("android.app.servertransaction.LaunchActivityItem")) {
Object launchActivityItem = mActivityCallbacks.get(i);
// 獲取啓動代理的 Intent
Field mIntentField = launchActivityItem.getClass()
.getDeclaredField("mIntent");
mIntentField.setAccessible(true);
Intent proxyIntent = (Intent) mIntentField.get(launchActivityItem);
// 目標 intent 替換 proxyIntent
Intent intent = proxyIntent.getParcelableExtra(TARGET_INTENT);
if (intent != null) {
mIntentField.set(launchActivityItem, intent);
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
break;
}
// 必須 return false
return false;
}
};
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同時在該方法中從Intent中拿出插件的Activity,最終啓動該Activity。而後經過反射給系統的H(Handler)
設置一個Callback
// 獲取 ActivityThread 類的 Class 對象
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("android.app.ActivityThread");
// 獲取 ActivityThread 對象
Field activityThreadField = clazz.getDeclaredField("sCurrentActivityThread");
activityThreadField.setAccessible(true);
Object activityThread = activityThreadField.get(null);
// 獲取 mH 對象
Field mHField = clazz.getDeclaredField("mH");
mHField.setAccessible(true);
final Handler mH = (Handler) mHField.get(activityThread);
Field mCallbackField = Handler.class.getDeclaredField("mCallback");
mCallbackField.setAccessible(true);
// 建立的 callback
···
// 替換系統的 callBack
mCallbackField.set(mH, callback);
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到這來咱們就實現了Activity的插件化,固然Hook點不止這些,有興趣的讀者能夠本身尋找,同時在不一樣版本上源碼的實現方式也不一樣,須要進行適配。在Android10上,系統對源碼作了較大的修改,有興趣的能夠本身實現一波。
最後你可能會碰到這麼一個異常
2020-11-29 12:27:33.247 19124-19124/com.jackie.plugingodemo D/AppCompatDelegate: Exception while getting ActivityInfo
android.content.pm.PackageManager$NameNotFoundException: ComponentInfo{com.jackie.plugingodemo/com.jackie.plugin.PluginActivity}
at android.app.ApplicationPackageManager.getActivityInfo(ApplicationPackageManager.java:435)
at androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatDelegateImpl.isActivityManifestHandlingUiMode(AppCompatDelegateImpl.java:2649)
at androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatDelegateImpl.updateForNightMode(AppCompatDelegateImpl.java:2499)
at androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatDelegateImpl.applyDayNight(AppCompatDelegateImpl.java:2374)
at androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatDelegateImpl.onCreate(AppCompatDelegateImpl.java:494)
at androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity.onCreate(AppCompatActivity.java:114)
at com.jackie.plugin.PluginActivity.onCreate(PluginActivity.java:12)
at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:7136)
at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:7127)
at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1271)
at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2893)
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該異常提示咱們找不到ActivityInfo,而後咱們到拋出異常的方法看一下
private boolean isActivityManifestHandlingUiMode() {
if (!mActivityHandlesUiModeChecked && mHost instanceof Activity) {
final PackageManager pm = mContext.getPackageManager();
if (pm == null) {
// If we don't have a PackageManager, return false. Don't set
// the checked flag though so we still check again later
return false;
}
try {
int flags = 0;
// On newer versions of the OS we need to pass direct boot
// flags so that getActivityInfo doesn't crash under strict
// mode checks
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 29) {
flags = PackageManager.MATCH_DIRECT_BOOT_AUTO
| PackageManager.MATCH_DIRECT_BOOT_AWARE
| PackageManager.MATCH_DIRECT_BOOT_UNAWARE;
} else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24) {
flags = PackageManager.MATCH_DIRECT_BOOT_AWARE
| PackageManager.MATCH_DIRECT_BOOT_UNAWARE;
}
final ActivityInfo info = pm.getActivityInfo(
new ComponentName(mContext, mHost.getClass()), flags);
mActivityHandlesUiMode = info != null
&& (info.configChanges & ActivityInfo.CONFIG_UI_MODE) != 0;
} catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
// This shouldn't happen but let's not crash because of it, we'll just log and
// return false (since most apps won't be handling it)
Log.d(TAG, "Exception while getting ActivityInfo", e);
mActivityHandlesUiMode = false;
}
}
// Flip the checked flag so we don't check again
mActivityHandlesUiModeChecked = true;
return mActivityHandlesUiMode;
}
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而後進如pm.getActivityInfo
方法
/** * Retrieve all of the information we know about a particular activity * class. * * @param component The full component name (i.e. * com.google.apps.contacts/com.google.apps.contacts. * ContactsList) of an Activity class. * @param flags Additional option flags to modify the data returned. * @return An {@link ActivityInfo} containing information about the * activity. * @throws NameNotFoundException if a package with the given name cannot be * found on the system. */
public abstract ActivityInfo getActivityInfo(ComponentName component, @ComponentInfoFlags int flags) throws NameNotFoundException;
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經過查看該方法註釋,能夠看到當找不到該Activity的包名,也就是在系統中找不到,就會拋出異常了,由於咱們的插件包名和宿主App的包名不一致致使的,不過系統也爲咱們捕獲了該異常了。
Activity插件化的實現很重要的一點是尋找Hook點,如何尋找Hook點須要咱們對Activity啓動流程很是熟悉。插件化涉及到的技術其實不少,四大組件的啓動流程,AMS/PKMS等系統服務啓動流程,Handler,反射,動態代理等等,裏面運用到不少Android自身的知識,而不只僅是Java的知識,有點像Android技術的「集大成者」。因此若是你想成爲一個高級開發,就應該懂得像插件化,熱修復這樣的技術難點。最後,看完本文喜歡的點個贊和關注吧。
近期的一些文章:
Handler的初級、中級、高級問法,你都掌握了嗎?(深度好文)
性能優化:爲何要使用SparseArray和ArrayMap替代HashMap?
參考文章: