利用keepalived和haproxy配置mysql的高可用負載均衡

時間  2019-11-20
標籤 利用 keepalived haproxy 配置 mysql 可用 負載 均衡 欄目 負載均衡 简体版
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利用keepalived和haproxy配置mysql的高可用負載均衡html

 

實驗系統：CentOS 6.6_x86_64（2.6.32-504.30.3.el6.x86_64）mysql

實驗前提：防火牆和selinux都關閉linux

實驗說明：本實驗共有4臺主機，IP分配如拓撲redis

實驗軟件：keepalived-1.2.19　　haproxy-1.5.14　　mariadb-10.0.20sql

下載地址：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1bnnYiMr數據庫

實驗拓撲：vim

　　　　

1、安裝mariadb後端

　　1.在兩臺數據庫服務器安裝：瀏覽器

tar xf mariadb-10.0.20-linux-x86_64.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/
cd /usr/local/
ln -sv mariadb-10.0.20-linux-x86_64 mysql
useradd -r mysql
mkdir -pv /mydata/data
chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/data/
cd mysql/
chown -R root.mysql .
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data/
cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on

　　2.配置主主複製：bash

　　　　19.74：

vim /etc/my.cnf 
----------------------------------------------->
[mysqld]
server-id = 1
datadir = /mydata/data
log-bin = /mydata/data/mysql1-bin
binlog_format = ROW
relay_log = /mydata/data/relay-log
auto-increment-increment = 2
auto-increment-offset = 1
sync_binlog = 1
sync_master_info = 1
sync_relay_log = 1
sync_relay_log_info = 1

19.76：

vim /etc/my.cnf 
----------------------------------------------->
[mysqld]
server-id = 2
datadir = /mydata/data
log-bin = /mydata/data/mysql2-bin
binlog_format = ROW
relay_log = /mydata/data/relay-log
auto-increment-increment = 2
auto-increment-offset = 2
sync_binlog = 1
sync_master_info = 1
sync_relay_log = 1
sync_relay_log_info = 1

　　3.建立具備複製權限的用戶：

　　　　19.74：

service mysqld start
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
------------------------------------------>
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'master'@'192.168.19.76' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

19.76：

SHOW MASTER LOGS;

　　　　

　　　　19.76上使用相同命令：

　　　　

　　5.配置雙主：

　　　　19.74：

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.19.76',MASTER_USER='master',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql2-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=1112;
START SLAVE;

19.76：

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.19.74',MASTER_USER='master',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql1-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=1112;
START SLAVE;

2、編譯安裝haproxy

　　1.在19.66和19.79上編譯安裝haproxy：

tar xf haproxy-1.5.14.tar.gz 
cd haproxy-1.5.14
make TARGET=linux2628 ARCH=x86_64        //根據本身主機設定
make install SBINDIR=/usr/sbin/ MANDIR=/usr/share/man/ DOCDIR=/usr/share/doc/

2.提供啓動腳本：

vim /etc/init.d/haproxy
--------------------------------------------------->
#!/bin/sh
#
# haproxy
#
# chkconfig:   - 85 15
# description:  HAProxy is a free, very fast and reliable solution \
#               offering high availability, load balancing, and \
#               proxying for TCP and  HTTP-based applications
# processname: haproxy
# config:      /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
# pidfile:     /var/run/haproxy.pid

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0

exec="/usr/sbin/haproxy"
prog=$(basename $exec)

[ -e /etc/sysconfig/$prog ] && . /etc/sysconfig/$prog

cfgfile=/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
pidfile=/var/run/haproxy.pid
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/haproxy

check() {
    $exec -c -V -f $cfgfile $OPTIONS
}

start() {
    $exec -c -q -f $cfgfile $OPTIONS
    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
        echo "Errors in configuration file, check with $prog check."
        return 1
    fi

    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
    # start it up here, usually something like "daemon $exec"
    daemon $exec -D -f $cfgfile -p $pidfile $OPTIONS
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
    return $retval
}

stop() {
    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
    # stop it here, often "killproc $prog"
    killproc $prog
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
    return $retval
}

restart() {
    $exec -c -q -f $cfgfile $OPTIONS
    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
        echo "Errors in configuration file, check with $prog check."
        return 1
    fi
    stop
    start
}

reload() {
    $exec -c -q -f $cfgfile $OPTIONS
    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
        echo "Errors in configuration file, check with $prog check."
        return 1
    fi
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    $exec -D -f $cfgfile -p $pidfile $OPTIONS -sf $(cat $pidfile)
    retval=$?
    echo
    return $retval
}

force_reload() {
    restart
}

fdr_status() {
    status $prog
}

case "$1" in
    start|stop|restart|reload)
        $1
        ;;
    force-reload)
        force_reload
        ;;
    check)
        check
        ;;
    status)
        fdr_status
        ;;
    condrestart|try-restart)
        [ ! -f $lockfile ] || restart
        ;;
    *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|try-restart|reload|force-reload}"
        exit 2
esac
<---------------------------------------------------
chkconfig --add haproxy
chkconfig haproxy on
chmod +x /etc/init.d/haproxy

3.提供配置文件：

mkdir /etc/haproxy
mkdir /var/lib/haproxy
useradd -r haproxy
vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
----------------------------------------------------------------------->
global

    log         127.0.0.1 local2

    chroot      /var/lib/haproxy
    pidfile     /var/run/haproxy.pid
    maxconn     4000
    user        haproxy
    group       haproxy
    daemon

    stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats

defaults
    mode                    tcp            //haproxy運行模式
    log                     global
    option                  dontlognull
    option                  redispatch
    retries                 3
    timeout http-request    10s
    timeout queue           1m
    timeout connect         10s
    timeout client          1m
    timeout server          1m
    timeout http-keep-alive 10s
    timeout check           10s
    maxconn                 600           //最大鏈接數

listen stats                              //配置haproxy狀態頁
    mode http
    bind :6677                            //找一個比較特殊的端口
    stats enable
    stats hide-version                    //隱藏haproxy版本號
    stats uri     /haproxyadmin?stats     //一會用於打開狀態頁的uri
    stats realm   Haproxy\ Statistics     //輸入帳戶密碼時的提示文字
    stats auth    admin:admin             //用戶名:密碼
    stats admin if TRUE                   //開啓狀態頁的管理功能

frontend  main *:3306                     //這裏爲了實驗方便，使用3306端口
    default_backend             mysql     //後端服務器組名

backend mysql
    balance     leastconn                 //使用最少鏈接方式調度
    server m1 192.168.19.74:3306 check port 3306 maxconn 300
    server m2 192.168.19.76:3306 check port 3306 maxconn 300

 　　4.啓動日誌：

service haproxy start
netstat -tnlp

　　6.在19.74上建立遠程登陸帳號：

GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'jason'@'192.168.19.%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

7.分別在19.66和19.79上登陸mysql，若都能鏈接成功則繼續往下：

yum -y install mysql                            //若是沒有mysql客戶端則運行此命令
mysql -ujason -p123456 -h192.168.19.66          //在19.66上登陸
mysql -ujason -p123456 -h192.168.19.79          //在19.79上登陸

3、安裝keepalived

　　1.在19.66和19.79上編譯安裝keepalived：

tar xf keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz 
cd keepalived-1.2.19
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --sbindir=/usr/sbin/ --sysconfdir=/etc/ --mandir=/usr/local/share/man/ --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-504.30.3.el6.x86_64/      //內核版本換成本身主機的
make && make install
chkconfig --add keepalived
chkconfig keepalived on

 　　2.在19.66上配置：

vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
----------------------------------------------------->
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {                                             //此段暫時略過，下同
   notification_email {
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
}

vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
    script "/etc/keepalived/chk.sh"                      //檢查haproxy的腳本
    interval 2                                           //每兩秒檢查一次
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP                                        //定義爲BACKUP節點
    nopreempt                                           //開啓不搶佔
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100                                        //開啓了不搶佔，因此此處優先級必須高於另外一臺
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass abcd
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.19.150                                 //配置VIP
    }
    track_script {
        chk_haproxy                                    //調用檢查腳本
    }

    notify_backup "/etc/init.d/haproxy restart"
    notify_fault "/etc/init.d/haproxy stop"
}

3.在19.79上配置：

vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
----------------------------------------------------->
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
}

vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
    script "/etc/keepalived/chk.sh"
    interval 2
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 99
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass abcd
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.19.150
    }
    track_script {
        chk_haproxy
    }

    notify_backup "/etc/init.d/haproxy restart"
    notify_fault "/etc/init.d/haproxy stop"
}

4.在兩臺機器上建立chk.sh文件：

vim /etc/keepalived/chk.sh
------------------------------------------------>
#!/bin/bash
#
if [ $(ps -C haproxy --no-header | wc -l) -eq 0 ]; then
       /etc/init.d/keepalived stop
fi
<------------------------------------------------
chmod +x /etc/keepalived/chk.sh

5.在19.66和19.79上進行測試：

service keepalived start

　　　　此處兩臺主機均配置爲BACKUP，所以哪臺先運行keepalived，VIP就在哪臺上。我這裏剛開始VIP運行在19.66上，而後進行鏈接測試：

　　　　

mysql -ujason -p123456 -h192.168.19.150
------------------------------------------->
CREATE DATABASE bokeyuan；

後端數據庫服務器抓包：

　　　　

　　　　停掉19.66的keepalived服務，讓VIP轉移到19.79上，再進行測試：

service keepalived stop                   //停掉19.66的keepalived服務
mysql -ujason -p123456 -h192.168.19.150
------------------------------------------->
SHOW DATABASES;

後端數據庫服務器抓包：

　　　　

　　6.在瀏覽器打開http://192.168.19.150:6677/haproxyadmin?stats，打開haproxy狀態頁：

　　　　在19.74上關閉mysql服務，能夠看到haproxy對於後端服務器的檢測是很迅速的：

service mysqld stop

　　7.額外說明：

　　　　繼續以前的實驗，將19.66上的keepalived服務再次啓動，能夠發現，VIP仍然在19.79上，這就是以前爲何要配置不搶佔的緣由。若是按照正常的配置，將19.66配置爲MASTER，當它重啓keepalived服務後，則必定會將VIP搶回。但實際上咱們並不但願這樣，由於19.79仍在正常工做，19.66沒有理由去搶奪資源，形成不必的資源切換。實驗演示就到這裏，謝謝你們！

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