表單上傳的文件對象存儲在類字典對象request.FILES中,表單格式需爲multipart/form-datajavascript
<form enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" action="/foo/"> <input type="file" name="image" />
request.FILES中的鍵來自於表單中的<input type="file" name="" />的name值:html
img=request.FILES['image']
request.FILES中的值均爲UploadedFile類文件對象。java
UploadedFile是類文件對象,具備如下方法和屬性:git
UploadedFile.read()django
讀取整個上傳文件的數據,文件較大時慎用。json
UploadedFile.multiple_chunks(chunk_size=None)app
判斷文件是否足夠大,通常爲2.5M編輯器
UploadedFile.chunks(chunk_size=None)函數
返回一個生成器對象,當multiple_chunks()爲True時應該使用這個方法來代替read().post
UploadedFile.name
上傳文件的name。
UploadedFile.size
上傳文件的大小。
UploadedFile.content_type
上傳文件時的content_type報頭,例如(e.g. text/plain or application/pdf).
UpladedFile.charset
編碼
想將上傳的文件存儲在本地時:
f=request.FILES['image'] with open('some/file/name.txt', 'wb+') as destination: for chunk in f.chunks(): destination.write(chunk)
使用Form處理上傳文件
也能夠使用django自帶的form來處理上傳文件。
先建立帶FileFiled或者ImageFiled的Form:
# In forms.py... from django import forms class UploadFileForm(forms.Form): title = forms.CharField(max_length=50) file = forms.FileField()
用Form處理:
>>> f =UploadFileFormt(request.POST, request.FILES)
view函數:
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect from django.shortcuts import render_to_response from .forms import UploadFileForm def handle_uploaded_file(f): with open('some/file/name.txt', 'wb+') as destination: for chunk in f.chunks(): destination.write(chunk) def upload_file(request): if request.method == 'POST': form = UploadFileForm(request.POST, request.FILES) if form.is_valid(): handle_uploaded_file(request.FILES['file']) return HttpResponseRedirect('/success/url/') else: form = UploadFileForm() return render_to_response('upload.html', {'form': form})
若是建立了一個帶FileField或者ImageField域的Model,須要將上傳文件存儲到Model的FileFIeld域。
好比,使用nicEdit文本編輯器時,須要存儲上傳的文件,創建Model:
from django.db import models class NicEditImage(models.Model): image = models.ImageField(upload_to='nicedit/%Y/%m/%d')
建立ModelForm:
from django import forms class NicEditImageForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = NicEditImage
view:
def upload(request): if not request.user.is_authenticated(): json = simplejson.dumps({ 'success': False, 'errors': {'__all__': 'Authentication required'}}) return HttpResponse(json, mimetype='application/json') form = NicEditImageForm(request.POST or None, request.FILES or None) if form.is_valid(): image = form.save() #保存Form和Model json = simplejson.dumps({ 'success': True, 'upload': { 'links': { 'original': image.image.url}, 'image': { 'width': image.image.width, 'height': image.image.height} } }) else: json = simplejson.dumps({ 'success': False, 'errors': form.errors}) return HttpResponse(json, mimetype='application/json')
固然也能夠手動存儲文件到Model的文件域:
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect from django.shortcuts import render from .forms import UploadFileForm from .models import ModelWithFileField def upload_file(request): if request.method == 'POST': form = UploadFileForm(request.POST, request.FILES) if form.is_valid(): instance = ModelWithFileField(file_field=request.FILES['file']) #保存文件到FileField域 instance.save() return HttpResponseRedirect('/success/url/') else: form = UploadFileForm() return render(request, 'upload.html', {'form': form})
想得到更大自由度時,能夠全手動處理。
from django.db import models class Car(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=255) price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2) photo = models.ImageField(upload_to='cars')
Model的FileField有如下屬性:
>>> car = Car.objects.get(name="57 Chevy") >>> car.photo <ImageFieldFile: chevy.jpg> >>> car.photo.name u'cars/chevy.jpg' >>> car.photo.path u'/media/cars/chevy.jpg' >>> car.photo.url u'http://media.example.com/cars/chevy.jpg'
能夠手動修改文件的名稱:
>>> import os >>> from django.conf import settings >>> initial_path = car.photo.path >>> car.photo.name = 'cars/chevy_ii.jpg' >>> new_path = settings.MEDIA_ROOT + car.photo.name >>> # Move the file on the filesystem >>> os.rename(initial_path, new_path) >>> car.save() >>> car.photo.path '/media/cars/chevy_ii.jpg' >>> car.photo.path == new_path True
Model的FileField是一個File對象,除了具備File對象的各類方法外,還有一個額外的save()方法:
FieldFile.save(name, content, save=True)
name爲存儲名字,content爲File或者File子類的實例
>>> car.photo.save('myphoto.jpg', content, save=False) >>> car.save()
相似於
>>> car.photo.save('myphoto.jpg', content, save=True)
手動存儲:
from django.core.files.base import ContentFile photo=request.FILES.get('photo','') if photo: file_content = ContentFile(photo.read()) #建立File對象 car.photo.save(photo.name, file_content) #保存文件到car的photo域 car.save()