Django處理文件上傳File Uploads

HttpRequest.FILES

表單上傳的文件對象存儲在類字典對象request.FILES中,表單格式需爲multipart/form-datajavascript

<form enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" action="/foo/">
<input type="file" name="image" />

request.FILES中的鍵來自於表單中的<input type="file" name="" />的name值:html

img=request.FILES['image']

request.FILES中的值均爲UploadedFile類文件對象。java

UploadedFile

UploadedFile是類文件對象,具備如下方法和屬性:git

UploadedFile.read()django

讀取整個上傳文件的數據,文件較大時慎用。json

UploadedFile.multiple_chunks(chunk_size=None)app

判斷文件是否足夠大,通常爲2.5M編輯器

UploadedFile.chunks(chunk_size=None)函數

返回一個生成器對象,當multiple_chunks()爲True時應該使用這個方法來代替read().post

UploadedFile.name

上傳文件的name。

UploadedFile.size

上傳文件的大小。

UploadedFile.content_type

上傳文件時的content_type報頭,例如(e.g. text/plain or application/pdf). 

UpladedFile.charset

編碼

存儲文件

想將上傳的文件存儲在本地時:

f=request.FILES['image']
with open('some/file/name.txt', 'wb+') as destination:
    for chunk in f.chunks():
        destination.write(chunk)

使用Form處理上傳文件

也能夠使用django自帶的form來處理上傳文件。

先建立帶FileFiled或者ImageFiled的Form:

# In forms.py...
from django import forms

class UploadFileForm(forms.Form):
    title = forms.CharField(max_length=50)
    file = forms.FileField()

用Form處理:

>>> f =UploadFileFormt(request.POST, request.FILES)

view函數:

from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from .forms import UploadFileForm

def handle_uploaded_file(f):
    with open('some/file/name.txt', 'wb+') as destination:
        for chunk in f.chunks():
            destination.write(chunk)

def upload_file(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = UploadFileForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
        if form.is_valid():
            handle_uploaded_file(request.FILES['file'])
            return HttpResponseRedirect('/success/url/')
    else:
        form = UploadFileForm()
    return render_to_response('upload.html', {'form': form})

使用Model處理上傳文件

若是建立了一個帶FileField或者ImageField域的Model,須要將上傳文件存儲到Model的FileFIeld域。

好比,使用nicEdit文本編輯器時,須要存儲上傳的文件,創建Model:

from django.db import models

class NicEditImage(models.Model):
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='nicedit/%Y/%m/%d')

建立ModelForm:

from django import forms

class NicEditImageForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = NicEditImage

view:

def upload(request):
    if not request.user.is_authenticated():
        json = simplejson.dumps({
            'success': False,
            'errors': {'__all__': 'Authentication required'}})
        return HttpResponse(json, mimetype='application/json')
    form = NicEditImageForm(request.POST or None, request.FILES or None)
    if form.is_valid():
        image = form.save()    #保存Form和Model
        json = simplejson.dumps({
            'success': True,
            'upload': {
                'links': {
                    'original': image.image.url},
                'image': {
                    'width': image.image.width,
                    'height': image.image.height}
            }
        })
    else:
        json = simplejson.dumps({
            'success': False, 'errors': form.errors})
    return HttpResponse(json, mimetype='application/json')

固然也能夠手動存儲文件到Model的文件域:

from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import render
from .forms import UploadFileForm
from .models import ModelWithFileField

def upload_file(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = UploadFileForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
        if form.is_valid():
            instance = ModelWithFileField(file_field=request.FILES['file'])   #保存文件到FileField域
            instance.save()
            return HttpResponseRedirect('/success/url/')
    else:
        form = UploadFileForm()
    return render(request, 'upload.html', {'form': form})

不使用Form處理

想得到更大自由度時,能夠全手動處理。

from django.db import models

class Car(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)
    photo = models.ImageField(upload_to='cars')

Model的FileField有如下屬性:

>>> car = Car.objects.get(name="57 Chevy")
>>> car.photo
<ImageFieldFile: chevy.jpg>
>>> car.photo.name
u'cars/chevy.jpg'
>>> car.photo.path
u'/media/cars/chevy.jpg'
>>> car.photo.url
u'http://media.example.com/cars/chevy.jpg'

能夠手動修改文件的名稱:

>>> import os
>>> from django.conf import settings
>>> initial_path = car.photo.path
>>> car.photo.name = 'cars/chevy_ii.jpg'
>>> new_path = settings.MEDIA_ROOT + car.photo.name
>>> # Move the file on the filesystem
>>> os.rename(initial_path, new_path)
>>> car.save()
>>> car.photo.path
'/media/cars/chevy_ii.jpg'
>>> car.photo.path == new_path
True

Model的FileField是一個File對象,除了具備File對象的各類方法外,還有一個額外的save()方法:

FieldFile.save(name, content, save=True)

 name爲存儲名字,content爲File或者File子類的實例

>>> car.photo.save('myphoto.jpg', content, save=False)
>>> car.save()

相似於

>>> car.photo.save('myphoto.jpg', content, save=True)

手動存儲:

from django.core.files.base import ContentFile
photo=request.FILES.get('photo','')
if photo:   
    file_content = ContentFile(photo.read())   #建立File對象
    car.photo.save(photo.name, file_content)   #保存文件到car的photo域
    car.save()
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