SAX是事件驅動型的XML解析方式。順序讀取XML文件,生成事件,傳播到用戶定義的回調方法中來處理XML文件。java
分段處理xml,而不是將整個xml一次加載進內存,內存佔用少,速度快。spring
順序訪問,不能回退。編碼複雜,須要用戶把控數據結構。springboot
1.建立工廠網絡
SAXParserFactory saxParserFactory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
2.設置工廠屬性(可選)數據結構
saxParserFactory.setValidating(true); // 是否驗證xml,默認false saxParserFactory.setNamespaceAware(true); // 是否展現命名空間 默認false
3.生成解析器app
SAXParser parser = saxParserFactory.newSAXParser();
4.設置解析器屬性(可選)maven
parser.setProperty("http://java.sun.com/xml/jaxp/properties/schemaLanguage", "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"); // 驗證模式下必須
5.獲取XMLReader(可選)ide
XMLReader reader = parser.getXMLReader();
6.設置XMLReader屬性(可選)測試
reader.setContentHandler(new MyDefalutHandler()); // 內容處理器 reader.setEntityResolver(new MyEntityResolver()); // schama解析器 reader.setErrorHandler(new MyErrorHandler()); // 異常處理器
7.解析xml文件ui
reader.parse(SaxDemo.class.getResource("/").getPath() + "/saxDemo.xml");
或者 parser.parse(SaxDemo.class.getResource("/").getPath() + "/saxDemo.xml", new DefaultHandler());
SAXParser和XMLReader均可以對xml進行解析,可是SAXParser將異常處理、內容處理和schema解析放到一個handler中進行重載,我的以爲職責劃分不是很清晰,建議使用XMLReader。
saxDemo.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd" default-autowire="byName"> <aop:annotation-driven></aop:annotation-driven> <util:map key-type="java.lang.String" value-type="java.lang.String"> <entry key="key" value="value"></entry> </util:map> <bean id="commonMap" class="java.util.HashMap"> <constructor-arg> <map> <entry key="key" value="value"></entry> </map> </constructor-arg> </bean> </beans>
MyDefalutHandler
public class MyDefalutHandler extends DefaultHandler{ @Override public void startDocument() throws SAXException { System.out.println("startDocument()"); } @Override public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException { StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(); int length = attributes.getLength(); if (length > 0) { for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) { builder.append(attributes.getLocalName(i).trim()) .append(":") .append(attributes.getValue(i).trim()) .append(" "); } } System.out.println(String.format("startElement uri=%s localName=%s qname=%s attributes=%s", uri, localName, qName, builder)); } @Override public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException { String content = new String(ch, start, length); if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(content)) { System.out.println("characters=" + content); } } @Override public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException { System.out.println(String.format("startElement uri=%s localName=%s qname=%s", uri, localName, qName)); } @Override public void endDocument() throws SAXException { System.out.println("endDocument()"); } }
測試類
1 public class SaxDemo { 2 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { 3 SAXParserFactory saxParserFactory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); 4 // saxParserFactory.setValidating(true); // 是否驗證xml,默認false 5 // saxParserFactory.setNamespaceAware(true); // 是否展現命名空間 默認false 6 SAXParser parser = saxParserFactory.newSAXParser(); 7 // parser.setProperty("http://java.sun.com/xml/jaxp/properties/schemaLanguage", "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"); 8 XMLReader reader = parser.getXMLReader(); 9 reader.setContentHandler(new MyDefalutHandler()); // 內容處理器 10 // reader.setEntityResolver(new MyEntityResolver()); // schama解析器 11 // reader.setErrorHandler(new MyErrorHandler()); // 異常處理器 12 reader.parse(SaxDemo.class.getResource("/").getPath() + "/saxDemo.xml"); 13 } 14 }
測試結果
startDocument() startElement uri= localName= qname=beans attributes=xmlns:http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans xmlns:xsi:http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance xmlns:util:http://www.springframework.org/schema/util xmlns:aop:http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache xsi:schemaLocation:http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd default-autowire:byName startElement uri= localName= qname=aop:annotation-driven attributes= startElement uri= localName= qname=aop:annotation-driven startElement uri= localName= qname=util:map attributes=key-type:java.lang.String value-type:java.lang.String startElement uri= localName= qname=entry attributes=key:key value:value startElement uri= localName= qname=entry startElement uri= localName= qname=util:map startElement uri= localName= qname=bean attributes=id:commonMap class:java.util.HashMap startElement uri= localName= qname=constructor-arg attributes= startElement uri= localName= qname=map attributes= startElement uri= localName= qname=entry attributes=key:key value:value startElement uri= localName= qname=entry startElement uri= localName= qname=map startElement uri= localName= qname=constructor-arg startElement uri= localName= qname=bean startElement uri= localName= qname=beans endDocument()
結果中能夠看到uri和localName都是空,並且對aop:annotation-driven之類的解析不是很友好
打開測試類saxParserFactory.setNamespaceAware(true)的註釋,執行結果以下
startDocument() startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=beans qname=beans attributes=schemaLocation:http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd default-autowire:byName startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache localName=annotation-driven qname=aop:annotation-driven attributes= startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache localName=annotation-driven qname=aop:annotation-driven startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/util localName=map qname=util:map attributes=key-type:java.lang.String value-type:java.lang.String startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=entry qname=entry attributes=key:key value:value startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=entry qname=entry startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/util localName=map qname=util:map startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=bean qname=bean attributes=id:commonMap class:java.util.HashMap startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=constructor-arg qname=constructor-arg attributes= startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=map qname=map attributes= startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=entry qname=entry attributes=key:key value:value startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=entry qname=entry startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=map qname=map startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=constructor-arg qname=constructor-arg startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=bean qname=bean startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=beans qname=beans endDocument()
若是咱們使用ide,得益於ide的驗證插件,編寫xml的時候能規避掉一部分輸入錯誤致使的格式異常。可是若是是經過xml進行rpc調用,咱們可能須要悲觀的設定獲得的xml並不必定是正確的,驗證xml是否知足既定格式就顯得十分重要了。
取消測試類的saxParserFactory.setValidating(true),開啓xml驗證功能。
警告: 已啓用驗證, 但未設置 org.xml.sax.ErrorHandler, 這可能不是預期結果。解析器將使用默認 ErrorHandler 來輸出前 0 個錯誤。請調用 'setErrorHandler' 方法以解決此問題。
Error: URI=file:///D:/idea/springboot2/target/classes//saxDemo.xml Line=2: 文檔無效: 找不到語法。
Error: URI=file:///D:/idea/springboot2/target/classes//saxDemo.xml Line=2: 文檔根元素 "beans" 必須匹配 DOCTYPE 根 "null"。
根據提示,建立一個異常處理器
public class MyErrorHandler implements ErrorHandler { @Override public void warning(SAXParseException exception) throws SAXException { System.out.println("------------warning------------"); throw exception; } @Override public void error(SAXParseException exception) throws SAXException { System.out.println("------------error------------"); throw exception; } @Override public void fatalError(SAXParseException exception) throws SAXException { System.out.println("------------fatalError------------"); throw exception; } }
取消測試類reader.setErrorHandler(new MyErrorHandler())的註釋
Exception in thread "main" org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; systemId: file:///D:/idea/springboot2/target/classes//saxDemo.xml; lineNumber: 2; columnNumber: 7; 文檔無效: 找不到語法。
仍是異常!!!
出現這個問題的緣由是sax不知道遵循哪一個xml規範
取消測試類parser.setProperty("http://java.sun.com/xml/jaxp/properties/schemaLanguage", "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema")的註釋,程序正常執行了。
5、自定義標籤
maven工程下,resources目錄建立META-INF文件夾,生成2個文件:saxDemo.schemas user.xsd
saxDemo.schemas內容:
http\://www.ym.com/schema/user.xsd=META-INF/user.xsd
user.xsd內容
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns="http://www.ym.com/schema/user" targetNamespace="http://www.ym.com/schema/user" elementFormDefault="qualified"> <xsd:element name="user"> <xsd:complexType> <xsd:attribute name="id" type="xsd:string" /> <xsd:attribute name="userName" type="xsd:string" /> <xsd:attribute name="email" type="xsd:string" /> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element> </xsd:schema>
修改samDemo.xml文件爲:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:user="http://www.ym.com/schema/user" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.ym.com/schema/user http://www.ym.com/schema/user.xsd" default-autowire="byName"> <user:user id="userTag" userName="userName" email="email"></user:user> </beans>
執行測試代碼
------------fatalError------------
Exception in thread "main" org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; systemId: http://www.ym.com/schema/user.xsd; lineNumber: 1; columnNumber: 50; 在 publicId 和 systemId 之間須要有空格。
拋出異常
爲何spring的標籤沒啥問題,而咱們自定義的不行呢?這是由於spring的標籤能夠從網絡上獲取,可是咱們自定義的基本上都在咱們本地,並且不少時候咱們也不但願從網絡中獲取這些資源,更但願使用本地jar包中的。
EntityResolver的做用就是從本地加載標籤資源,驗證xml的正確性。
建立MyEntityResolver從META-INF下讀取資源
(代碼來自spring源碼org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.PluggableSchemaResolver,刪除了全部日誌的內容)
public class MyEntityResolver implements EntityResolver { private volatile Map<String, String> schemaMappings; private final String schemaMappingsLocation = "META-INF/saxDemo.schemas"; @Override public InputSource resolveEntity(String publicId, String systemId) throws SAXException, IOException { if (systemId != null) { String resourceLocation = getSchemaMappings().get(systemId); if (resourceLocation != null) { Resource resource = new ClassPathResource(resourceLocation, Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader()); try { InputSource source = new InputSource(resource.getInputStream()); source.setPublicId(publicId); source.setSystemId(systemId);return source; } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) { } } } return null; } private Map<String, String> getSchemaMappings() { Map<String, String> schemaMappings = this.schemaMappings; if (schemaMappings == null) { synchronized (this) { schemaMappings = this.schemaMappings; if (schemaMappings == null) {try { Properties mappings = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadAllProperties(this.schemaMappingsLocation, Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader()); Map<String, String> mappingsToUse = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(mappings.size()); CollectionUtils.mergePropertiesIntoMap(mappings, mappingsToUse); schemaMappings = mappingsToUse; this.schemaMappings = schemaMappings; } catch (IOException ex) { throw new IllegalStateException("Unable to load schema mappings from location [" + this.schemaMappingsLocation + "]", ex); } } } } return schemaMappings; } }
如今打開測試代碼reader.setEntityResolver(new MyEntityResolver())的註釋
startDocument() 23:23:53.832 [main] DEBUG com.ym.xml.MyEntityResolver - Loading schema mappings from [META-INF/saxDemo.schemas] 23:23:53.839 [main] DEBUG com.ym.xml.MyEntityResolver - Loaded schema mappings: {http://www.ym.com/schema/user.xsd=META-INF/user.xsd} startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=beans qname=beans attributes=schemaLocation:http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.ym.com/schema/user http://www.ym.com/schema/user.xsd default-autowire:byName default-lazy-init:default default-merge:default 23:23:54.614 [main] DEBUG com.ym.xml.MyEntityResolver - Found XML schema [http://www.ym.com/schema/user.xsd] in classpath: META-INF/user.xsd startElement uri=http://www.ym.com/schema/user localName=user qname=user:user attributes=id:userTag userName:userName email:email startElement uri=http://www.ym.com/schema/user localName=user qname=user:user startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=beans qname=beans endDocument()
7、總結
本文介紹了sax的基本概念、調用流程、經常使用的使用方式。
saxParserFactory.setValidating(true) 開啓驗證功能
setNamespaceAware(true) 生成詳細的事件記錄
setProperty("http://java.sun.com/xml/jaxp/properties/schemaLanguage", "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema") 使用xsd驗證規則
setEntityResolver(new MyEntityResolver()) 使用自定義標籤
setErrorHandler(new MyErrorHandler()) 自定義異常處理