PHP框架路由大比拼:ThinkPHP vs ZF2 vs Yaf vs Laravel

前言

讀過一篇關於Zend Framework2的技術文章《ZF2多級樹形路由Route配置實例》,是介紹路由配置的。我以爲頗有意思,這是的需求:php

  • /user對應用戶列表頁面
  • /user/:user_id對應用戶的我的主頁,好比 /user/AlloVince 就對應AlloVince用戶的我的主頁
  • /user/:user_id/blog/對應用戶的博客列表頁面,好比 /user/AlloVince/blog 就會列出AlloVince寫過的Blog
  • /user/:user_id/blog/:blog_id對應用戶的一篇博客文章

方案引用自原文:html

php
'router' => array( 'routes' => array( 'user' => array( 'type' => 'Segment', 'options' => array( 'route' => '/user[/]', 'defaults' => array( 'controller' => 'UserController', 'action' => 'index', ), ), 'may_terminate' => true, 'child_routes' => array( 'profile' => array( 'type' => 'Segment', 'options' => array( 'route' => '[:id][/]', 'constraints' => array( 'id' => '[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+' ), 'defaults' => array( 'action' => 'get' ), ), 'may_terminate' => true, 'child_routes' => array( 'blog' => array( 'type' => 'Segment', 'options' => array( 'route' => 'blog[/]', 'constraints' => array( ), 'defaults' => array( 'action' => 'blog' ) ), 'may_terminate' => true, 'child_routes' => array( 'post' => array( 'type' => 'Segment', 'options' => array( 'route' => '[:post_id][/]', 'constraints' => array( 'post_id' => '[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+' ), 'defaults' => array( 'action' => 'post' ) ), 'may_terminate' => true, ), ), ), ), //profile child_routes end ), //profile end ), //user child_routes end ), //user end ), ),

看了這篇文章後,我打算使用我用過的PHP框架來實現這個路由需求。laravel


ThinkPHP

新建一個ThinkPHP項目:git

composer create-project topthink/thinkphp tp --prefer-distgithub

命令行顯示我安裝的是3.2.2thinkphp

Installing topthink/thinkphp (3.2.2)瀏覽器

我看ThinkPHP官網最新穩定版本是3.2.3。緩存

我特地去packagist官網查了一下,庫中穩定版確實是3.2.2。app

我得使用3.2.3。爲何我特別糾結這一點哩?由於:composer

3.2的路由功能是針對模塊設置的,因此URL中的模塊名不能被路由,路由定義也一般是放在模塊配置文件中。 3.2.3版本開始增長全局路由定義支持,能夠在項目的公共配置文件中定義路由。

也就是說,路由重寫的部分是Controller和Action部分,Moudle仍是存在。

我但願的是/user,而不是home/user。(ThinkPHP中默認Module是Home,'DEFAULT_MODULE' => 'Home',能夠修改)

固然,這個問題也能夠修改.htaccess文件的解決。可是,我仍是決定安裝3.2.3。

ThinkPHP官網下載最新的包,解壓。

使用瀏覽器訪問一下項目的入口文件,讓ThinkPHP自動生成了一個默認的應用模塊Home。

修改公共配置文件tp\Application\Common\Conf\config.php

php<?php

return array(
    // 開啓路由
    'URL_ROUTER_ON' => true,

    // URL訪問模式,可選參數0、一、二、3,表明如下四種模式:
    // 0 (普通模式); 1 (PATHINFO 模式); 2 (REWRITE  模式); 3 (兼容模式)  默認爲PATHINFO 模式
    'URL_MODEL' => 2,

    // URL僞靜態後綴設置,爲空表示能夠支持全部的靜態後綴
    // 使用U函數生成URL時會不帶後綴
    'URL_HTML_SUFFIX' => '',

    // URL變量綁定到Action方法參數,默認爲true
    'URL_PARAMS_BIND' => true,

    // URL變量綁定的類型 0 按變量名綁定 1 按變量順序綁定,默認爲0
    'URL_PARAMS_BIND_TYPE' => 0,

    // 路由配置
    'URL_ROUTE_RULES' => array(
        '/^url$/' => 'Home/User/url',
        '/^user$/' => 'Home/User/index',
        '/^user\/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)$/' => 'Home/User/show?name=:1',
        '/^user\/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)\/blog$/' => 'Home/Blog/index?name=:1',
        '/^user\/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)\/blog\/([0-9]+)$/' => 'Home/Blog/show?name=:1&blog_id=:2',
    ),

);
?>

建立文件tp\Application\Home\Controller\UserController.class.php

php<?php

namespace Home\Controller;

use Think\Controller;


class UserController extends Controller {


    public function url() {
        $name = 'jing';

        $blogId = 1;

        $urls = array(
            U('/user'),
            U("/user/{$name}"),
            U("/user/{$name}/blog"),
            U("/user/{$name}/blog/{$blogId}"),
        );

        foreach ($urls as $url) {
            echo "<a href=\"{$url}\">{$url}<a/><br />\n";
        }
    }


    public function index() {
        echo '我是用戶列表^_^';
    }


    public function show($name) {
        echo "歡迎你,{$name}";
    }

}
?>

建立文件tp\Application\Home\Controller\BlogController.class.php

php<?php

namespace Home\Controller;

use Think\Controller;


class BlogController extends Controller {


    public function index($name) {
        echo "這是{$name}的博客列表";
    }


    public function show($blog_id, $name) {
        echo "{$name}的這篇博客的id爲{$blog_id}";
    }

}
?>

訪問:http://127.0.0.1/tp/url

輸出:

html<a href="/tp/user">/tp/user<a/><br />
<a href="/tp/user/jing">/tp/user/jing<a/><br />
<a href="/tp/user/jing/blog">/tp/user/jing/blog<a/><br />
<a href="/tp/user/jing/blog/1">/tp/user/jing/blog/1<a/><br />

訪問上面4個連接,依次返回:

html我是用戶列表^_^
歡迎你,jing
這是jing的博客列表
jing的這篇博客的id爲1

下面其餘框架,也一樣輸出以上內容


Zend Framework 2

使用ZF2骨架程序建立一個ZF2項目:

composer create-project --stability="dev" zendframework/skeleton-application zf2

修改默認模塊Application的配置文件zf2\module\Application\config\module.config.php

php<?php

/**
 * Zend Framework (http://framework.zend.com/)
 *
 * @link      http://github.com/zendframework/ZendSkeletonApplication for the canonical source repository
 * @copyright Copyright (c) 2005-2015 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com)
 * @license   http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd New BSD License
 */
return array(
    'router' => array(
        'routes' => array(
            'home' => array(
                'type' => 'Zend\Mvc\Router\Http\Literal',
                'options' => array(
                    'route' => '/url',
                    'defaults' => array(
                        'controller' => 'Application\Controller\User',
                        'action' => 'url',
                    ),
                ),
            ),

            // The following is a route to simplify getting started creating
            // new controllers and actions without needing to create a new
            // module. Simply drop new controllers in, and you can access them
            // using the path /application/:controller/:action
            'application' => array(
                'type' => 'Literal',
                'options' => array(
                    'route' => '/application',
                    'defaults' => array(
                        '__NAMESPACE__' => 'Application\Controller',
                        'controller' => 'Index',
                        'action' => 'index',
                    ),
                ),
                'may_terminate' => true,
                'child_routes' => array(
                    'default' => array(
                        'type' => 'Segment',
                        'options' => array(
                            'route' => '/[:controller[/:action]]',
                            'constraints' => array(
                                'controller' => '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_-]*',
                                'action' => '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_-]*',
                            ),
                            'defaults' => array(
                            ),
                        ),
                    ),
                ),
            ),
            'user_list' => array(
                'type' => 'Segment',
                'options' => array(
                    'route' => '/user[/]',
                    'defaults' => array(
                        '__NAMESPACE__' => 'Application\Controller',
                        'controller' => 'User',
                        'action' => 'index',
                    ),
                ),
                'may_terminate' => true,
                'child_routes' => array(
                    'user' => array(
                        'type' => 'Segment',
                        'options' => array(
                            'route' => '[:name][/]',
                            'constraints' => array(
                                'name' => '[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+',
                            ),
                            'defaults' => array(
                                'action' => 'show',
                            ),
                        ),
                        'may_terminate' => true,
                        'child_routes' => array(
                            'blog_list' => array(
                                'type' => 'Segment',
                                'options' => array(
                                    'route' => 'blog[/]',
                                    'constraints' => array(
                                    ),
                                    'defaults' => array(
                                        'controller' => 'Blog',
                                        'action' => 'index',
                                    )
                                ),
                                'may_terminate' => true,
                                'child_routes' => array(
                                    'blog' => array(
                                        'type' => 'Segment',
                                        'options' => array(
                                            'route' => '[:blog_id]',
                                            'constraints' => array(
                                                'blog_id' => '[0-9]+',
                                            ),
                                            'defaults' => array(
                                                'action' => 'show',
                                            )
                                        ),
                                        'may_terminate' => true,
                                    ),
                                ),
                            ),
                        ),
                    ),
                ),
            ),
        ),
    ),
    'service_manager' => array(
        'abstract_factories' => array(
            'Zend\Cache\Service\StorageCacheAbstractServiceFactory',
            'Zend\Log\LoggerAbstractServiceFactory',
        ),
        'aliases' => array(
            'translator' => 'MvcTranslator',
        ),
    ),
    'translator' => array(
        'locale' => 'en_US',
        'translation_file_patterns' => array(
            array(
                'type' => 'gettext',
                'base_dir' => __DIR__ . '/../language',
                'pattern' => '%s.mo',
            ),
        ),
    ),
    'controllers' => array(
        'invokables' => array(
            'Application\Controller\Index' => 'Application\Controller\IndexController',
            'Application\Controller\User' => 'Application\Controller\UserController',
            'Application\Controller\Blog' => 'Application\Controller\BlogController',
        ),
    ),
    'view_manager' => array(
        'display_not_found_reason' => true,
        'display_exceptions' => true,
        'doctype' => 'HTML5',
        'not_found_template' => 'error/404',
        'exception_template' => 'error/index',
        'template_map' => array(
            'layout/layout' => __DIR__ . '/../view/layout/layout.phtml',
            'application/index/index' => __DIR__ . '/../view/application/index/index.phtml',
            'error/404' => __DIR__ . '/../view/error/404.phtml',
            'error/index' => __DIR__ . '/../view/error/index.phtml',
        ),
        'template_path_stack' => array(
            __DIR__ . '/../view',
        ),
    ),
    // Placeholder for console routes
    'console' => array(
        'router' => array(
            'routes' => array(
            ),
        ),
    ),
);
?>

這個文件是骨架程序中自帶的,我只是修改了router部分和controllers部分。要我寫這麼長的文件,那就太爲難我了。這也是ZF官方發佈了一個骨架程序的緣由。

建立文件zf2\module\Application\src\Application\Controller\UserController.php

php<?php

namespace Application\Controller;

use Zend\Mvc\Controller\AbstractActionController;

use Zend\View\Model\ViewModel;


class UserController extends AbstractActionController {


    public function urlAction() {
        $name = 'jing';

        $blogId = 1;

        $urls = array(
            $this->url()->fromRoute('user_list'),
            $this->url()->fromRoute('user_list/user', array('name' => $name)),
            $this->url()->fromRoute('user_list/user/blog_list', array('name' => $name)),
            $this->url()->fromRoute('user_list/user/blog_list/blog', array('name' => $name, 'blog_id' => $blogId)),
        );

        $view = new ViewModel(compact('urls'));
        $view->setTerminal(true);
        return $view;
    }


    public function indexAction() {
        $view = new ViewModel();

        // 禁用佈局模板
        $view->setTerminal(true);
        return $view;
    }


    public function showAction() {
        $username = $this->params()->fromRoute('name');

        $view = new ViewModel(compact('username'));
        $view->setTerminal(true);
        return $view;
    }

}
?>

建立文件zf2\module\Application\src\Application\Controller\BlogController.php

php<?php

namespace Application\Controller;

use Zend\Mvc\Controller\AbstractActionController;

use Zend\View\Model\ViewModel;


class BlogController extends AbstractActionController {


    public function indexAction() {
        $username = $this->params()->fromRoute('name');

        $view = new ViewModel(compact('username'));
        $view->setTerminal(true);
        return $view;
    }


    public function showAction() {
        $username = $this->params()->fromRoute('name');

        $blogId = $this->params()->fromRoute('blog_id');

        $view = new ViewModel(compact('username', 'blogId'));
        $view->setTerminal(true);
        return $view;
    }

}
?>

zf2不支持Action參數綁定,ThinkPHP不只支持綁定,還支持2種綁定方式:按變量名綁定和按變量順序綁定。

zf2中Action必須得返回視圖,除非exit()。若是你知道能夠禁用視圖的辦法,請告訴

建立文件zf2\module\Application\view\application\user\url.phtml

php<?php foreach ($urls as $url): ?>
<a href="<?php echo $url;?>"><?php echo $url;?><a/><br />
<?php endforeach; ?>

建立文件zf2\module\Application\view\application\user\index.phtml

php我是用戶列表^_^

建立文件zf2\module\Application\view\application\user\show.phtml

php歡迎你,<?php echo $username; ?>

建立文件zf2\module\Application\view\application\blog\index.phtml

php這是<?php echo $username; ?>的博客列表

建立文件zf2\module\Application\view\application\blog\show.phtml

php<?php echo $username; ?>的這篇博客的id爲<?php echo $blogId; ?>

Yaf

安裝Yaf

使用代碼生成工具建立Yaf項目

修改啓動文件yaf\application\Bootstrap.php,修改其中的_initRoute方法:

php$router = Yaf_Dispatcher::getInstance()->getRouter();

        $route0 = new Yaf_Route_Rewrite('url', array(
            'controller' => 'User',
            'action' => 'url',
                ), array()
        );

        $route1 = new Yaf_Route_Rewrite('user', array(
            'controller' => 'User',
            'action' => 'index',
                ), array()
        );

        $route2 = new Yaf_Route_Regex('#user/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)#', array(
            'controller' => 'User',
            'action' => 'show',
                ), array(1 => 'name',)
        );

        $route3 = new Yaf_Route_Regex('#user/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)/blog#', array(
            'controller' => 'Blog',
            'action' => 'index',
                ), array(1 => 'name',)
        );

        $route4 = new Yaf_Route_Regex('#user/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)/blog/([0-9]+)#', array(
            'controller' => 'Blog',
            'action' => 'show',
                ), array(1 => 'name', 2 => 'blogId',)
        );

        $router->addRoute('url', $route0);
        $router->addRoute('user_list', $route1);
        $router->addRoute('user', $route2);
        $router->addRoute("blog_list", $route3);
        $router->addRoute("blog", $route4);

Yaf有路由功能,可是沒有根據路由名生成URL的方法。因此我定義了一個項目名,用於拼接URL。

在配置文件中添加配置項yaf\conf\application.ini

iniproject.name = 'yaf'

建立文件yaf\application\controllers\User.php

php<?php

class UserController extends Yaf_Controller_Abstract {


    public function urlAction() {
        $name = 'jing';

        $blogId = 1;

        $app = Yaf_Application::app();

        $projectName = $app->getConfig()->project->name;

        $urls = array(
            "/{$projectName}/user",
            "/{$projectName}/user/{$name}",
            "/{$projectName}/user/{$name}/blog",
            "/{$projectName}/user/{$name}/blog/{$blogId}",
        );

        foreach ($urls as $url) {
            echo "<a href=\"{$url}\">{$url}<a/><br />\n";
        }
        return false;
    }


    public function indexAction() {
        echo '我是用戶列表^_^';

        // 禁用視圖模板
        return false;
    }


    public function showAction($name) {
        echo "歡迎你,{$name}";
        return false;
    }

}

建立文件yaf\application\controllers\Blog.php

php<?php

class BlogController extends Yaf_Controller_Abstract {


    public function indexAction($name) {
        echo "這是{$name}的博客列表";
        return false;
    }


    public function showAction($blogId, $name) {
        echo "{$name}的這篇博客的id爲{$blogId}";
        return false;
    }

}

Yaf的Action支持參數綁定,是按變量名綁定的。$name、$blogId要和路由中配置的名稱同樣,而和參數順序無關。


Laravel

新建Laravel項目:
composer create-project laravel/laravel --prefer-dist

清除合併文件。在目錄laravel\vendor\下有個文件compiled.php,這個文件是爲了減小IO提升框架性能,將不少類文件合併到一個文件中而生存的。在開發環境下,應該刪除該文件,不然修改了一些文件發現沒有效果,實際上是由於文件已經合併緩存了。
清除命令:
php artisan clear-compiled

在生產環境中應該開啓,以提高性能:
php artisan optimize --force

修改路由文件laravel\app\Http\routes.php

php<?php

Route::get('/url', array('uses' => 'UserController@getUrl'));

Route::get('/user', array('uses' => 'UserController@getIndex'));

Route::get('/user/{username}', array('uses' => 'UserController@getShow'));

Route::get('/user/{username}/blog', array(
    'as' => 'blog_list',
    'uses' => 'BlogController@getIndex',
));

Route::get('/user/{username}/blog/{blogId}', array(
    'as' => 'blog',
    'uses' => 'BlogController@getShow',
))->where(array('blogId' => '[0-9]+'));

查看路由定義狀況:
php artisan route:list

輸出:

+--------+----------+-------------------------------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+------------+
| Domain | Method   | URI                           | Name      | Action                                       | Middleware |
+--------+----------+-------------------------------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+------------+
|        | GET|HEAD | url                           |           | App\Http\Controllers\UserController@getUrl   |            |
|        | GET|HEAD | user                          |           | App\Http\Controllers\UserController@getIndex |            |
|        | GET|HEAD | user/{username}               |           | App\Http\Controllers\UserController@getShow  |            |
|        | GET|HEAD | user/{username}/blog          | blog_list | App\Http\Controllers\BlogController@getIndex |            |
|        | GET|HEAD | user/{username}/blog/{blogId} | blog      | App\Http\Controllers\BlogController@getShow  |            |
+--------+----------+-------------------------------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+------------+

定義路由變量全局模式,修改文件laravel\app\Providers\RouteServiceProvider.php中的boot方法:

phppublic function boot(Router $router) {
        $router->pattern('username', '[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+');

        parent::boot($router);
    }

建立UserController控制器:
php artisan make:controller UserController

Laravel幫咱們在laravel\app\Http\Controllers目錄下建立了文件UserController.php,文件中已經爲咱們寫好一部分骨架代碼。修改文件laravel\app\Http\Controllers\UserController.php

php<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;


class UserController extends Controller {


    public function getUrl() {
        $name = 'jing';

        $blogId = 1;

        $urls = array(
            url('/user'),
            action('UserController@getShow', array($name)),
            route('blog_list', array($name)),
            route('blog', array($name, $blogId)),
        );
        foreach ($urls as $url) {
            echo "<a href=\"{$url}\">{$url}<a/><br />\n";
        }
    }


    public function getIndex() {
        echo '我是用戶列表^_^';
    }


    public function getShow($name) {
        echo "歡迎你,{$name}";
    }

}

建立BlogController控制器:
php artisan make:controller BlogController
修改文件laravel\app\Http\Controllers\BlogController.php

php<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;


class BlogController extends Controller {


    public function getIndex($name) {
        echo "這是{$name}的博客列表";
    }


    public function getShow($name, $blogId) {
        echo "{$name}的這篇博客的id爲{$blogId}";
    }

}

Laravel的Action也支持參數綁定,是按變量順序綁定的,和變量名無關。


後語

我是Laravel粉,可是我也沒有想黑其餘框架的意思,你們有興趣也能夠用本身熟悉的框架來實現這個小例子,寫了記得@我,語言不限。

相關文章
相關標籤/搜索