centos下使用nginx+uwsgi 部署django

時間 2019-11-10

標籤 centos 使用 nginx+uwsgi nginx uwsgi 部署 django 欄目 CentOS 简体版

原文原文鏈接

CentOS 下使用uwsgi+nginx部署django

當前環境:

Centos7
Django2.0
Python3.7

安裝uwsgi

pip install uwsgi

安裝Nginx

cd  /usr/local
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.7.4.tar.gz  
tar -zxvf nginx-1.7.4.tar.gz  
cd  nginx-1.7.4  
./configure  $默認安裝在/usr/local/nginx   
make  
make install

Nginx經常使用命令

啓動nginx:
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

其餘參數:
[user@host dir]$ /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -h
nginx version: nginx/1.8.0
Usage: nginx [-?hvVtq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives]

Options:
-?,-h : this help  查看幫助信息
-v : show version and exit 顯示 nginx 的版本
-V : show version and configure options then exit 顯示 nginx 的版本，編譯器版本和配置參數
-t : test configuration and exit 不運行，而僅僅測試配置文件。nginx 將檢查配置文件的語法的正確性，並嘗試打開配置文件中所引用到的文件。
-q : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing
-s signal : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload  傳遞一個信號，stop快速關閉，quit從容關閉，reopen從新打開日誌文件、用於切換日誌文件，reload重載配置文件
-p prefix : set prefix path (default: /usr/local/nginx/)
-c filename : set configuration file (default: conf/nginx.conf)  設置配置文件
-g directives : set global directives out of configuration file

django項目結構

├── db.sqlite3
├── manage.py
├── okr
│   ├── admin.py
│   ├── apps.py
│   ├── exc.py
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── migrations
│   ├── models.py
│   ├── okr_middleware.py
│   ├── serializers.py
│   ├── tests.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   ├── utils.py
│   └── views.py
├── okr_manage
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── wsgi.py
├── README.md
├── requirements.txt
├── static
├── templates
│   ├── 404.html
│   ├── back.html
│   ├── Home.html
│   ├── index_back.html
│   ├── login.html
│   ├── personal_goals.html
│   ├── sector_strategy.html
│   ├── team_goals.html
│   └── test.html
└── uwsgi.ini

測試uwsgi

# 建立test.py文件
def application(env, start_response):
    start_response("200 OK", [("Content-Type","text/html")])
    return [b"Hello World"]

經過uwsgi運行該文件

uwsgi --http :8001 --wsgi-file test.py
# 訪問127.0.0.1:8001 返回hello world表明uwsgi正常可用

配置Django與uwsgi鏈接

在咱們經過Django建立okr項目時，在子目錄okr_manage下已經幫咱們生成的 wsgi.py文件。因此，咱們只須要再建立uwsgi.ini配置文件便可，固然，uwsgi支持多種類型的配置文件，如xml，ini等。此處，使用ini類型的配置.html

# uwsgi.ini配置
[uwsgi]
http = :9020
socket = /var/run/uwsgi.sock
chdir = /opt/code/wp_api
wsgi-file = WorkPlatFormApi/wsgi.py
processes = 4
threads = 2
stats = 127.0.0.1:9195
vacuum = true
chmod-socket = 666
enable-threads = true
listen = 1024

其餘配置項:

http ：協議類型和端口號
processes ：開啓的進程數量
workers ：開啓的進程數量，等同於processes（官網的說法是spawn the specified number ofworkers / processes）
chdir ：指定運行目錄（chdir to specified directory before apps loading）
wsgi-file ：載入wsgi-file（load .wsgi file）
stats ：在指定的地址上，開啓狀態服務（enable the stats server on the specified address）
threads ：運行線程。因爲GIL的存在，我以爲這個真心沒啥用。（run each worker in prethreaded mode with the specified number of threads）
master ：容許主進程存在（enable master process）
daemonize ：使進程在後臺運行，並將日誌打到指定的日誌文件或者udp服務器（daemonize uWSGI）。實際上最經常使用的，仍是把運行記錄輸出到一個本地文件上。
pidfile ：指定pid文件的位置，記錄主進程的pid號。
vacuum ：當服務器退出的時候自動清理環境，刪除unix socket文件和pid文件（try to remove all of the generated file/sockets）

使用uwsgi啓動django

uwsgi --ini uwsgi.ini

# 成功信息:
# 注意查看uwsgi的啓動信息，若是有錯，就要檢查配置文件的參數是否設置有誤

[uWSGI] getting INI configuration from uwsgi.ini
*** Starting uWSGI 2.0.17.1 (64bit) on [Mon Aug 27 06:16:03 2018] ***
compiled with version: 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28) on 27 August 2018 05:39:18
os: Linux-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Aug 22 21:09:27 UTC 2017
nodename: workstation-qa.yiguo.com
machine: x86_64
clock source: unix
pcre jit disabled
detected number of CPU cores: 4
current working directory: /opt/okr
detected binary path: /usr/local/python3/bin/uwsgi
uWSGI running as root, you can use --uid/--gid/--chroot options
*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI as root !!! (use the --uid flag) *** 
chdir() to /opt/okr
your processes number limit is 63082
your memory page size is 4096 bytes
detected max file descriptor number: 1024
lock engine: pthread robust mutexes
thunder lock: disabled (you can enable it with --thunder-lock)
uWSGI http bound on :9000 fd 3
uwsgi socket 0 bound to TCP address 127.0.0.1:8000 fd 6
uWSGI running as root, you can use --uid/--gid/--chroot options
*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI as root !!! (use the --uid flag) *** 
Python version: 3.7.0 (default, Aug  9 2018, 22:10:04)  [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28)]
Python main interpreter initialized at 0x1f7b360
uWSGI running as root, you can use --uid/--gid/--chroot options
*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI as root !!! (use the --uid flag) *** 
python threads support enabled
your server socket listen backlog is limited to 100 connections
your mercy for graceful operations on workers is 60 seconds
mapped 416880 bytes (407 KB) for 8 cores
*** Operational MODE: preforking+threaded ***
WSGI app 0 (mountpoint='') ready in 0 seconds on interpreter 0x1f7b360 pid: 4511 (default app)
uWSGI running as root, you can use --uid/--gid/--chroot options
*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI as root !!! (use the --uid flag) *** 
*** uWSGI is running in multiple interpreter mode ***
spawned uWSGI master process (pid: 4511)
spawned uWSGI worker 1 (pid: 4512, cores: 2)
spawned uWSGI worker 2 (pid: 4513, cores: 2)
spawned uWSGI worker 3 (pid: 4515, cores: 2)
spawned uWSGI worker 4 (pid: 4517, cores: 2)
*** Stats server enabled on 127.0.0.1:9191 fd: 22 ***
spawned uWSGI http 1 (pid: 4520)

nginx.conf配置

# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# 若是出現403問題,請設置項目目錄的權限,而且在nginx配置中去掉註釋# user=nobady  改爲user=root便可

    server {
    listen         8099; # 指定的是nginx代理uwsgi對外的端口
    server_name    127.0.0.1 # 網上大多資料都是設置的一個網址（例，www.example.com），我這裏若是設置成網址沒法訪問，因此，指定的到了本機默認ip
    charset UTF-8;
    access_log      /var/log/nginx/myweb_access.log;
    error_log       /var/log/nginx/myweb_error.log;

    client_max_body_size 75M;

    location / {
        include uwsgi_params;
        uwsgi_pass unix:/home/uwsgi.sock;
        uwsgi_read_timeout 600;
    }
    location /static {
        expires 30d;
        autoindex on;
        add_header Cache-Control private;
        alias /opt/okr/static/; # 這裏的目錄必須是當前項目的static目錄
     }
 }

在進行配置的時候，我有個問題一直想不通。nginx究竟是如何uwsgi產生關聯。如今看來大概最主要的就是這兩行配置 include uwsgi_params; uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8000; include 必須指定爲uwsgi_params；而uwsgi_pass指的本機IP的端口號與myweb_uwsgi.ini配置中的文件中的必須一致.node

django設置

收集Django靜態文件,把Django自帶的靜態文件收集到同一個static中，否則訪問Django的admin頁面會找不到靜態文件。在django的setting文件中，添加下面一行內容.python

settings.py

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/")
DEBUG = False
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["*"]

運行manage.py命令

python manage.py collectstatic

啓動服務

uwsgi --ini uwsgi.ini
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

測試訪問

http://127.0.0.1:8099

可能存在的問題:

啓動uwsgi報錯:

app_config.import_models()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 211, in import_models
    self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 967, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 677, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 728, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 2, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 47, in <module>
    class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 117, in __new__
    new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 321, in add_to_class
    value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 204, in contribute_to_class
    self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 28, in __getattr__
    return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 201, in __getitem__
    backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 110, in load_backend
    return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 20, in <module>
    ) from err
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module.
Did you install mysqlclient?

解決方法: 進入到settings目錄到,編輯__init__.py文件.增長如下代碼:mysql

import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

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