Ubuntu18.04安裝openCV4.1.2

Ubuntu18.04下安裝openCV4.1.2

注意：

　　在整個安裝過程當中，包括後期QT的使用中不要出現中文路徑。會很坑的。

1、下載openCV4.1.2

　　能夠再官網進行下載https://opencv.org/releases/->選擇Sources下載源碼而後進行編譯安裝

　　也能夠在https://github.com/opencv/opencv/tree/4.1.2下載源碼進行編譯安裝

       也能夠在百度雲盤下載安裝https://pan.baidu.com/s/1LIqIvyA6BjjAy1pkC-Mg0w。

2、更新Ubuntu18.04apt源爲阿里源(若是已更新或者其餘源能夠本身嘗試)。

　　// 1.備份/etc/apt/sources.list

1 cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

　　// 2.打開/etc/apt/sources.list

1 sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

　　// 3.刪除文件內全部內容

　　// 4.將一下內容複製進/etc/apt/sources.list文件中

 1 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
 2 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
 3 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
 4 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
 5 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
 6 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
 7 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
 8 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
 9 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
10 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse   

       // 5.更新源

1 sudo apt-get update
2 sudo apt-get upgrade

3、解決ubuntu1804沒法安裝libjasper-dev問題（速度會很是的慢，必定要耐心等待）

       // 1.檢測是否有問題

1 apt-get install libjasper-dev

         若是有報錯信息：errorE: unable to locate libjasper-dev則繼續解決一下問題，沒有則可跳過第三步。

　　// 2.解決方案

1 sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main"
2 sudo apt update
3 sudo apt install libjasper1 libjasper-dev

　　添加一個源來從新安裝，其中，libjasper1是新的依賴項。
　　可是上述命令會可能產生新的問題。沒法找到add-apt-repository問題

       // 3.解決add-apt-repository問題

1 apt-get -y install software-properties-common
2 apt-get -y install apt-file
3 apt-get update

4、添加openCV安裝的相關準備

       //1.安裝cmake(若是已經安裝過能夠忽略)

1 sudo apt-get install cmake

　　// 2.安裝openCV相關依賴（若是剛纔第三步失敗或者跳過的話可能 libjasper-dev 會報錯）

1 sudo apt-get install build-essential libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev

　　事實上，OpenCV的依賴項衆多，在cmake階段檢查依賴項是否安裝，調整本身的功能。所以，可根據項目須要調整安裝依賴項。

5、安裝openCV

　　//1.將下載的opencv-4.1.2.zip拷貝到主目錄下，並解壓縮

　　// 2.打開終端並切換至主目錄下的openCV-4.1.2

1 cd /home/DepZcb/openCV-4.1.2

　　// 3.在openCV-4.1.2下建立一個名爲build目錄，並切換到這個目錄下

1 mkdir build
2 cd ./build

　　// 4.執行cmake，生成makefile文件

1 cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local ..

　　命令說明:

　　　　OpenCV4默認不生成.pc文件，OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON纔會生成。該編譯選項開啓生成opencv4.pc文件，支持pkg-config功能。

　　　　可用-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX指定安裝目錄。若是指定安裝目錄則默認各部分分別安裝在/usr/local/目錄的include/ bin/ lib/3個文件夾下.

              .. 爲上一級目錄。

　　// 5.執行makefile文件(有些人說上一步不會生成makefile，我在虛擬機和純系統中都試過，在deepin下安裝也試過沒有出現相似問題。但出現了一堆其餘問題，感受仍是源沒有配置好)

1 sudo make -j[N]

　　說明:-j[n]個人電腦是四核四線程，能夠運行make -j4，若是是八核可用make -j8。若是不想編譯時影響工做，能夠用-j3。建議虛擬機的同窗就直接運行sudo make就行.

　　　　這一步事件很長的，大概須要半個小時往上。請耐心等待。

　　// 6.進行make install安裝

1 sudo make install

6、C++環境配置

　　// 1.先在/etc/ld.so.conf.d/文件夾下新建一個opencv4.conf，而後再文件中寫入/usr/local/lib。

1 cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/
2 sudo touch opencv4.conf
3 sudo sh -c 'echo "/usr/local/lib" > opencv4.conf'入代碼片

　　 // 2.更新pkg-config

1 sudo ldconfig

　　 // 3.查看安裝

1 pkg-config --libs opencv4
2 pkg-config --cflags opencv4

　　// 4.配置bash

1 sudo vim /etc/bash.bashrc  
2 //在末尾添加
3 PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
4 export PKG_CONFIG_PATH

　　//5.更新bash

1 sudo source /etc/bash.bashrc
2 //激活配置而後更新database
3 sudo updatedb  

　　可能會遇到問題sudo: source: command not found,這時可以下2步處理（如圖）:
　　1> sudo -s
　　2> source /etc/profile　　

　　安裝完成

7、可能出現的問題

　　// 1.QT5 Core編譯錯誤　

  1 CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake:18 (find_package):
  2 By not providing "FindQt5Core.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this project has
  3 asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Core", but
  4 CMake did not find one.
  5 
  6 Could not find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Core" with any
  7 of the following names:
  8 
  9 Qt5CoreConfig.cmake
 10 qt5core-config.cmake
 11 
 12 Add the installation prefix of "Qt5Core" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set
 13 "Qt5Core_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files.  If
 14 "Qt5Core" provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has
 15 been installed.
 16 Call Stack (most recent call first):
 17 CMakeLists.txt:466 (include)
 18 
 19 CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake:19 (find_package):
 20 By not providing "FindQt5Gui.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this project has
 21 asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Gui", but
 22 CMake did not find one.
 23 
 24 Could not find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Gui" with any
 25 of the following names:
 26 
 27   Qt5GuiConfig.cmake
 28   qt5gui-config.cmake
 29 
 30 Add the installation prefix of "Qt5Gui" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set
 31 "Qt5Gui_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files.  If "Qt5Gui"
 32 provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has been
 33 installed.
 34 Call Stack (most recent call first):
 35 CMakeLists.txt:466 (include)
 36 
 37 
 38 CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake:20 (find_package):
 39 By not providing "FindQt5Widgets.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this project
 40 has asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by
 41 "Qt5Widgets", but CMake did not find one.
 42 
 43 Could not find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Widgets" with
 44 any of the following names:
 45 
 46   Qt5WidgetsConfig.cmake
 47   qt5widgets-config.cmake
 48 
 49 Add the installation prefix of "Qt5Widgets" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set
 50 "Qt5Widgets_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files.  If
 51 "Qt5Widgets" provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has
 52 been installed.
 53 
 54 Call Stack (most recent call first):
 55 
 56   CMakeLists.txt:466 (include)
 57 
 58 CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake:21 (find_package):
 59 
 60   By not providing "FindQt5Test.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this project has asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Test", but
 61 
 62   CMake did not find one.
 63 
 64   Could not find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Test" with any
 65 
 66   of the following names:
 67 
 68 Qt5TestConfig.cmake
 69 qt5test-config.cmake
 70 
 71 Add the installation prefix of "Qt5Test" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set
 72 "Qt5Test_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files.  If
 73 "Qt5Test" provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has
 74 been installed.
 75 Call Stack (most recent call first):
 76   CMakeLists.txt:466 (include)
 77 
 78 
 79 CMake Warning at cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake:22 (find_package):
 80   By not providing "FindQt5Concurrent.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this
 81   project has asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by
 82   "Qt5Concurrent", but CMake did not find one.
 83 
 84   Could not find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5Concurrent"
 85   with any of the following names:
 86 
 87     Qt5ConcurrentConfig.cmake
 88     qt5concurrent-config.cmake
 89 
 90   Add the installation prefix of "Qt5Concurrent" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set
 91   "Qt5Concurrent_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files.  If
 92   "Qt5Concurrent" provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it
 93   has been installed.
 94   Call Stack (most recent call first):
 95   CMakeLists.txt:466 (include)
 96 
 97 qmake: could not exec '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt4/bin/qmake': No such file     or         directory
 98 CMake Error at /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindQt4.cmake:1386 (message):
 99   Found unsuitable Qt version "" from NOTFOUND, this code requires Qt 4.x
100 Call Stack (most recent call first):
101   cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGUI.cmake:34 (find_package)
102   CMakeLists.txt:466 (include)
103 
104 -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
105 See also "/home/*******/OpenCV/opencv-2.4.9/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".
106 See also "/home/*******/OpenCV/opencv-2.4.9/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeError.log".
107 
108 Qt5Core-CMake did not find one

View Code

　　解決辦法：安裝qt5-default

1 sudo apt-get install qt5-default

8、python環境的配置

　　// 1.安裝python和numpy　

1 sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy python3-dev python3-numpy #若是已經安裝過，則該步驟省略

　　// 2.驗證

$ python3
>>> import cv2
>>> print(cv2.__version__)
'4.1.1'
>>> 

9、卸載openCV

　　若是安裝出現了百度不能解決的問題。最好的辦法就是卸載從新裝一次(第一次安裝時前先後後卸載了四五次)。

　　// 1. 刪除openCV4.conf

1 cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/
2 sudo rm opencv4.conf

　　// 2.卸載

1 cd
2 cd ./OpenCV-4.1.1/build
3 sudo make uinstall