proxy_pass反向代理配置中url後面加不加/的說明

 

在平常的web網站部署中,常常會用到nginx的proxy_pass反向代理,有一個配置須要弄清楚:配置proxy_pass時,當在後面的url加上了/,至關因而絕對根路徑,則nginx不會把location中匹配的路徑部分代理走;若是沒有/,則會把匹配的路徑部分也給代理走(這樣配置在Nginx反向代理+負載均衡簡單實現(http方式)也提到過)。
下面舉個小實例說明下:
centos7系統庫中默認是沒有nginx的rpm包的,因此咱們本身須要先更新下rpm依賴庫html

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1)使用yum安裝nginx須要包括Nginx的庫,安裝Nginx的庫
[root@localhost ~] # rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
  
2)使用下面命令安裝nginx
[root@localhost ~] # yum install nginx
  
3)nginx配置
[root@localhost ~] # cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d] # cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root  /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
}
 
[root@localhost conf.d] # cat /var/www/html/index.html
this is page of  test !!!!
  
4)啓動Nginx
[root@localhost ~] # service nginx start     //或者使用 systemctl start nginx.service
  
5)測試訪問(103.110.186.23是192.168.1.23機器的外網ip)
[root@localhost conf.d] # curl http://192.168.1.23
this is page of  test !!!!

--------------------------看看下面幾種狀況:分別用http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html進行訪問測試-----------------nginx

爲了方便測試,先在另外一臺機器192.168.1.5上部署一個8090端口的nginx,配置以下:web

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[root@bastion-IDC ~] # cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/haha.conf
server {
listen 8090;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root  /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
}
[root@bastion-IDC ~] # cat /var/www/html/index.html
this is 192.168.1.5
[root@bastion-IDC ~] # /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
 
測試訪問(103.110.186.5是192.168.1.5的外網ip):
[root@bastion-IDC ~] # curl http://192.168.1.5:8090
this is 192.168.1.5

192.168.1.23做爲nginx反向代理機器,nginx配置以下:
1)第一種狀況:centos

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[root@localhost conf.d] # cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root  /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
 
location   /proxy/  {
           proxy_pass http: //192 .168.1.5:8090/;
}
}

這樣,訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就會被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/。p匹配的proxy目錄不須要存在根目錄/var/www/html裏面
注意,終端裏若是訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy(即後面不帶"/"),則會訪問失敗!由於proxy_pass配置的url後面加了"/"bash

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[root@localhost conf.d] # curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/
this is 192.168.1.5
[root@localhost conf.d] # curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy
<html>
< head ><title>301 Moved Permanently< /title >< /head >
<body bgcolor= "white" >
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently< /h1 >< /center >
<hr><center>nginx /1 .10.3< /center >
< /body >
< /html >

頁面訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy的時候,會自動加上"/」(同理是因爲proxy_pass配置的url後面加了"/"),並反代到http://103.110.186.5:8090的結果負載均衡

2)第二種狀況,proxy_pass配置的url後面不加"/"curl

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[root@localhost conf.d] # cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root  /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
 
location   /proxy/  {
           proxy_pass http: //192 .168.1.5:8090;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d] # service nginx restart
Redirecting to  /bin/systemctl  restart  nginx.service
 
那麼訪問http: //192 .168.1.23 /proxy 或http: //192 .168.1.23 /proxy/ ,都會失敗!
這樣配置後,訪問http: //192 .168.1.23 /proxy/ 就會被反向代理到http: //192 .168.1.5:8090 /proxy/

3)第三種狀況學習

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[root@localhost conf.d] # cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root  /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
 
location   /proxy/  {
           proxy_pass http: //192 .168.1.5:8090 /haha/ ;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d] # service nginx restart
Redirecting to  /bin/systemctl  restart  nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d] # curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/
192.168.1.5  haha-index.html

這樣配置的話,訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/測試

4)第四種狀況:相對於第三種配置的url不加"/"網站

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[root@localhost conf.d] # cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root  /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
 
location   /proxy/  {
           proxy_pass http: //192 .168.1.5:8090 /haha ;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d] # service nginx restart
Redirecting to  /bin/systemctl  restart  nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d] # curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html
192.168.1.5   hahaindex.html
 
上面配置後,訪問http: //192 .168.1.23 /proxy/index .html就會被代理到http: //192 .168.1.5:8090 /hahaindex .html
同理,訪問http: //192 .168.1.23 /proxy/test .html就會被代理到http: //192 .168.1.5:8090 /hahatest .html
[root@localhost conf.d] # curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html
192.168.1.5   hahaindex.html
 
注意,這種狀況下,不能直接訪問http: //192 .168.1.23 /proxy/ ,後面就算是默認的index.html文件也要跟上,不然訪問失敗!

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
上面四種方式都是匹配的path路徑後面加"/",下面說下path路徑後面不帶"/"的狀況:

1)第一種狀況,proxy_pass後面url帶"/":

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[root@localhost conf.d] # cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root  /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
  
location   /proxy  {
           proxy_pass http: //192 .168.1.5:8090/;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d] # service nginx restart
Redirecting to  /bin/systemctl  restart  nginx.service

2)第二種狀況,proxy_pass後面url不帶"/"

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[root@localhost conf.d] # cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root  /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
  
location   /proxy  {
           proxy_pass http: //192 .168.1.5:8090;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d] # service nginx restart
Redirecting to  /bin/systemctl  restart  nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d] #

這樣配置的話,訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy會自動加上"/」(即變成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/),代理到192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/

3)第三種狀況

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[root@localhost conf.d] # cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root  /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
  
location   /proxy  {
           proxy_pass http: //192 .168.1.5:8090 /haha/ ;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d] # service nginx restart
Redirecting to  /bin/systemctl  restart  nginx.service

這樣配置的話,訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy會自動加上"/」(即變成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/),代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/

4)第四種狀況:相對於第三種配置的url不加"/"

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[root@localhost conf.d] # cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root  /var/www/html ;
index index.html;
}
  
location   /proxy  {
           proxy_pass http: //192 .168.1.5:8090 /haha ;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d] # service nginx restart
Redirecting to  /bin/systemctl  restart  nginx.service

這樣配置的話,訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy,和第三種結果同樣,一樣被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/

***************當你發現本身的才華撐不起野心時,就請安靜下來學習吧***************
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