在平常的web網站部署中,常常會用到nginx的proxy_pass反向代理,有一個配置須要弄清楚:配置proxy_pass時,當在後面的url加上了/,至關因而絕對根路徑,則nginx不會把location中匹配的路徑部分代理走;若是沒有/,則會把匹配的路徑部分也給代理走(這樣配置在Nginx反向代理+負載均衡簡單實現(http方式)也提到過)。
下面舉個小實例說明下:
centos7系統庫中默認是沒有nginx的rpm包的,因此咱們本身須要先更新下rpm依賴庫html
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1)使用yum安裝nginx須要包括Nginx的庫,安裝Nginx的庫
[root@localhost ~]
# rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
2)使用下面命令安裝nginx
[root@localhost ~]
# yum install nginx
3)nginx配置
[root@localhost ~]
# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]
# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root
/var/www/html
;
index index.html;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]
# cat /var/www/html/index.html
this is page of
test
!!!!
4)啓動Nginx
[root@localhost ~]
# service nginx start //或者使用 systemctl start nginx.service
5)測試訪問(103.110.186.23是192.168.1.23機器的外網ip)
[root@localhost conf.d]
# curl http://192.168.1.23
this is page of
test
!!!!
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--------------------------看看下面幾種狀況:分別用http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html進行訪問測試-----------------nginx
爲了方便測試,先在另外一臺機器192.168.1.5上部署一個8090端口的nginx,配置以下:web
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[root@bastion-IDC ~]
# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/haha.conf
server {
listen 8090;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root
/var/www/html
;
index index.html;
}
}
[root@bastion-IDC ~]
# cat /var/www/html/index.html
this is 192.168.1.5
[root@bastion-IDC ~]
# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
測試訪問(103.110.186.5是192.168.1.5的外網ip):
[root@bastion-IDC ~]
# curl http://192.168.1.5:8090
this is 192.168.1.5
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192.168.1.23做爲nginx反向代理機器,nginx配置以下:
1)第一種狀況:centos
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[root@localhost conf.d]
# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root
/var/www/html
;
index index.html;
}
location
/proxy/
{
proxy_pass http:
//192
.168.1.5:8090/;
}
}
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這樣,訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就會被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/。p匹配的proxy目錄不須要存在根目錄/var/www/html裏面
注意,終端裏若是訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy(即後面不帶"/"),則會訪問失敗!由於proxy_pass配置的url後面加了"/"bash
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[root@localhost conf.d]
# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/
this is 192.168.1.5
[root@localhost conf.d]
# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy
<html>
<
head
><title>301 Moved Permanently<
/title
><
/head
>
<body bgcolor=
"white"
>
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently<
/h1
><
/center
>
<hr><center>nginx
/1
.10.3<
/center
>
<
/body
>
<
/html
>
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頁面訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy的時候,會自動加上"/」(同理是因爲proxy_pass配置的url後面加了"/"),並反代到http://103.110.186.5:8090的結果負載均衡
2)第二種狀況,proxy_pass配置的url後面不加"/"curl
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[root@localhost conf.d]
# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root
/var/www/html
;
index index.html;
}
location
/proxy/
{
proxy_pass http:
//192
.168.1.5:8090;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]
# service nginx restart
Redirecting to
/bin/systemctl
restart nginx.service
那麼訪問http:
//192
.168.1.23
/proxy
或http:
//192
.168.1.23
/proxy/
,都會失敗!
這樣配置後,訪問http:
//192
.168.1.23
/proxy/
就會被反向代理到http:
//192
.168.1.5:8090
/proxy/
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3)第三種狀況學習
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[root@localhost conf.d]
# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root
/var/www/html
;
index index.html;
}
location
/proxy/
{
proxy_pass http:
//192
.168.1.5:8090
/haha/
;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]
# service nginx restart
Redirecting to
/bin/systemctl
restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]
# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/
192.168.1.5 haha-index.html
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這樣配置的話,訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/測試
4)第四種狀況:相對於第三種配置的url不加"/"網站
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[root@localhost conf.d]
# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root
/var/www/html
;
index index.html;
}
location
/proxy/
{
proxy_pass http:
//192
.168.1.5:8090
/haha
;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]
# service nginx restart
Redirecting to
/bin/systemctl
restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]
# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html
192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html
上面配置後,訪問http:
//192
.168.1.23
/proxy/index
.html就會被代理到http:
//192
.168.1.5:8090
/hahaindex
.html
同理,訪問http:
//192
.168.1.23
/proxy/test
.html就會被代理到http:
//192
.168.1.5:8090
/hahatest
.html
[root@localhost conf.d]
# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html
192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html
注意,這種狀況下,不能直接訪問http:
//192
.168.1.23
/proxy/
,後面就算是默認的index.html文件也要跟上,不然訪問失敗!
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
上面四種方式都是匹配的path路徑後面加"/",下面說下path路徑後面不帶"/"的狀況:
1)第一種狀況,proxy_pass後面url帶"/":
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[root@localhost conf.d]
# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root
/var/www/html
;
index index.html;
}
location
/proxy
{
proxy_pass http:
//192
.168.1.5:8090/;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]
# service nginx restart
Redirecting to
/bin/systemctl
restart nginx.service
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2)第二種狀況,proxy_pass後面url不帶"/"
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[root@localhost conf.d]
# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root
/var/www/html
;
index index.html;
}
location
/proxy
{
proxy_pass http:
//192
.168.1.5:8090;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]
# service nginx restart
Redirecting to
/bin/systemctl
restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]
#
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這樣配置的話,訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy會自動加上"/」(即變成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/),代理到192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/
3)第三種狀況
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[root@localhost conf.d]
# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root
/var/www/html
;
index index.html;
}
location
/proxy
{
proxy_pass http:
//192
.168.1.5:8090
/haha/
;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]
# service nginx restart
Redirecting to
/bin/systemctl
restart nginx.service
|
這樣配置的話,訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy會自動加上"/」(即變成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/),代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/
4)第四種狀況:相對於第三種配置的url不加"/"
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[root@localhost conf.d]
# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root
/var/www/html
;
index index.html;
}
location
/proxy
{
proxy_pass http:
//192
.168.1.5:8090
/haha
;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]
# service nginx restart
Redirecting to
/bin/systemctl
restart nginx.service
|
這樣配置的話,訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy,和第三種結果同樣,一樣被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/