MobX是前端一個很流行的函數響應式編程,讓狀態變得簡單可擴展。背後的哲學是:前端
任何源自應用狀態的東西都應該自動地得到react
基於觀察者的MVVM框架完成了數據到UI的雙向綁定。Google2017年也發佈了相似思想的MVVM框架ViewModel。MVVM是數據驅動更新的框架,能夠很方便地把頁面和邏輯抽開,在前端很受歡迎。因此MobX也出了dart的版本用來支持Flutter的使用。下面咱們就開始動手在Flutter引入MobX。git
先放出官網,使用分幾步走:github
mobx: ^0.2.0
flutter_mobx: ^0.2.0
mobx_codegen: ^0.2.0
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import 'package:mobx/mobx.dart';
import 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';
// 自動生成的類
part 'settings_store.g.dart';
class SettingsStore = _SettingsStore with _$SettingsStore; abstract class _SettingsStore implements Store {
var key = {
"showPage":"showPage",
};
@observable
String showPage = "";
@action
getPrefsData() async {
SharedPreferences prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();
showPage = prefs.get(key["showPage"]) ?? "首頁";
}
@action
saveShowPage(String showPage) async {
if(showPage == null) {
return;
}
this.showPage = showPage;
SharedPreferences prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();
prefs.setString(key["showPage"], showPage);
}
}
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對於dart版本的mobx,是經過生成新的類來實現雙向綁定的效果,因此須要在store裏面加上生成類的一些定義:express
part 'settings_store.g.dart';
class SettingsStore = _SettingsStore with _$SettingsStore; 複製代碼
_$SettingsStore是待生成的類,SettingsStore則是混合了兩個store的新類。以下是自動生成的類:編程
// GENERATED CODE - DO NOT MODIFY BY HAND
part of 'settings_store.dart';
// **************************************************************************
// StoreGenerator
// **************************************************************************
// ignore_for_file: non_constant_identifier_names, unnecessary_lambdas, prefer_expression_function_bodies, lines_longer_than_80_chars
mixin _$SettingsStore on _SettingsStore, Store {
final _$showPageAtom = Atom(name: '_SettingsStore.showPage');
@override
String get showPage {
_$showPageAtom.reportObserved();
return super.showPage;
}
@override
set showPage(String value) {
_$showPageAtom.context.checkIfStateModificationsAreAllowed(_$showPageAtom);
super.showPage = value;
_$showPageAtom.reportChanged();
}
final _$getPrefsDataAsyncAction = AsyncAction('getPrefsData');
@override
Future getPrefsData() {
return _$getPrefsDataAsyncAction.run(() => super.getPrefsData());
}
final _$saveShowPageAsyncAction = AsyncAction('saveShowPage');
@override
Future saveShowPage(String showPage) {
return _$saveShowPageAsyncAction.run(() => super.saveShowPage(showPage));
}
}
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要實現上面的效果還須要分幾步走:markdown
在須要被觀察的數據增長@observable註解,須要執行操做的方法增長@action註解,框架
接着執行flutter packages pub run build_runner build
async
就會自動生成上述的類,特別的是,若是須要實時跟蹤store的變化從而實時改變新生成的類,須要執行一個命令:ide
flutter packages pub run build_runner watch
, 若是操做失敗了,能夠嘗試下面的clean命令:
flutter packages pub run build_runner watch --delete-conflicting-outputs
在須要觀察數據變化的widget套上一層Observer widget,
_buildShowPageLine(BuildContext context) {
return GestureDetector(
onTap: () {
showDialog<String>(
context: context,
builder: (context) {
String selectValue = '${settingsStore.showPage}';
List<String> valueList = ["首頁", "生活"];
return RadioAlertDialog(title: "選擇展現頁面",
selectValue: selectValue,
valueList: valueList);
}).then((value) {
print(value);
settingsStore.saveShowPage(value);
});
},
// 在須要觀察變化的widget套上一層Observer widget,
child: Observer(
builder: (_) => ListTile(
title: Common.primaryTitle(content: "默認展現頁面"),
subtitle: Common.primarySubTitle(content: '${settingsStore.showPage}'),
)
));
}
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完成上述步驟就能夠經過對store的數據進行操做,從而自動刷新widget。
看完上述的使用以後,相信讀者會感到又疑惑又神奇。別急,接下來就進入原理的剖析。
首先看到新生成的代碼_$SettingsStore,其中有幾處關鍵的插樁代碼,
@override
String get showPage {
_$showPageAtom.reportObserved();
return super.showPage;
}
@override
set showPage(String value) {
_$showPageAtom.context.checkIfStateModificationsAreAllowed(_$showPageAtom);
super.showPage = value;
_$showPageAtom.reportChanged();
}
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能夠看到在獲取變量時,會調用dart reportObserved()
, 設置變量會調用dart reportChanged
, 從名字就能夠看出獲取變量就是將變量上報,變爲被觀察的狀態,設置變量其實就是上報數據變化,進行通知。
咱們先看看reportObserved()作了什麼,
// atom能夠理解爲對應的被觀察變量的封裝
void _reportObserved(Atom atom) {
final derivation = _state.trackingDerivation;
if (derivation != null) {
derivation._newObservables.add(atom);
if (!atom._isBeingObserved) {
atom
.._isBeingObserved = true
.._notifyOnBecomeObserved();
}
}
}
複製代碼
能夠看出核心就是把當前的變量加入被觀察的隊列中去。
reportChanged作的是啥呢,
void propagateChanged(Atom atom) {
if (atom._lowestObserverState == DerivationState.stale) {
return;
}
atom._lowestObserverState = DerivationState.stale;
for (final observer in atom._observers) {
if (observer._dependenciesState == DerivationState.upToDate) {
observer._onBecomeStale();
}
observer._dependenciesState = DerivationState.stale;
}
}
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關鍵的代碼是
if (observer._dependenciesState == DerivationState.upToDate) {
observer._onBecomeStale();
}
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當數據須要更新的時候,調用觀察者的_onBecomeStale方法,看到這裏,相信聰明的讀者應該會記起觀察者的存在了。 那就是咱們用了被觀察數據的widget上面套着的Observer的widget。源碼以下:
library flutter_mobx;
// ignore_for_file:implementation_imports
import 'package:flutter/widgets.dart';
import 'package:mobx/mobx.dart';
import 'package:mobx/src/core.dart' show ReactionImpl;
/// Observer observes the observables used in the `builder` function and rebuilds the Widget
/// whenever any of them change. There is no need to do any other wiring besides simply referencing
/// the required observables.
///
/// Internally, [Observer] uses a `Reaction` around the `builder` function. If your `builder` function does not contain
/// any observables, [Observer] will throw an [AssertionError]. This is a debug-time hint to let you know that you are not observing any observables.
class Observer extends StatefulWidget {
/// Returns a widget that rebuilds every time an observable referenced in the
/// [builder] function is altered.
///
/// The [builder] argument must not be null. Use the [context] to specify a ReactiveContext other than the `mainContext`.
/// Normally there is no need to change this. [name] can be used to give a debug-friendly identifier.
const Observer({@required this.builder, Key key, this.context, this.name})
: assert(builder != null),
super(key: key);
final String name;
final ReactiveContext context;
final WidgetBuilder builder;
@visibleForTesting
Reaction createReaction(Function() onInvalidate) {
final ctx = context ?? mainContext;
return ReactionImpl(ctx, onInvalidate,
name: name ?? 'Observer@${ctx.nextId}');
}
@override
State<Observer> createState() => _ObserverState();
void log(String msg) {
debugPrint(msg);
}
}
class _ObserverState extends State<Observer> {
ReactionImpl _reaction;
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
_reaction = widget.createReaction(_invalidate);
}
void _invalidate() => setState(noOp);
static void noOp() {}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
Widget built;
dynamic error;
_reaction.track(() {
try {
built = widget.builder(context);
} on Object catch (ex) {
error = ex;
}
});
if (!_reaction.hasObservables) {
widget.log(
'There are no observables detected in the builder function for ${_reaction.name}');
}
if (error != null) {
throw error;
}
return built;
}
@override
void dispose() {
_reaction.dispose();
super.dispose();
}
}
複製代碼
猜猜咱們看到了什麼, Observer繼承自StatefulWidget,看到這裏應該就豁然開朗了吧,其實就是在咱們的widget上面套了一個父的widget,而且是StatefulWidget類型的,這樣一來,只要更新了父widget,一樣的咱們的widget也就能夠進行更新了。
在build的過程,能夠看到調用了track方法,跟蹤源碼能夠發現就是先調用了傳入的方法(這裏對應的是咱們widget的構建),而後就是把Observer插入觀察者隊列:
void _bindDependencies(Derivation derivation) {
final staleObservables =
derivation._observables.difference(derivation._newObservables);
final newObservables =
derivation._newObservables.difference(derivation._observables);
var lowestNewDerivationState = DerivationState.upToDate;
// Add newly found observables
for (final observable in newObservables) {
observable._addObserver(derivation);
// Computed = Observable + Derivation
if (observable is Computed) {
if (observable._dependenciesState.index >
lowestNewDerivationState.index) {
lowestNewDerivationState = observable._dependenciesState;
}
}
}
// Remove previous observables
for (final ob in staleObservables) {
ob._removeObserver(derivation);
}
if (lowestNewDerivationState != DerivationState.upToDate) {
derivation
.._dependenciesState = lowestNewDerivationState
.._onBecomeStale();
}
derivation
.._observables = derivation._newObservables
.._newObservables = {}; // No need for newObservables beyond this point
}
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接着咱們須要找出觀察者的_onBecomeStale方法,若是跟蹤_onBecomeStale方法,能夠發現最終調用的是reaction的run方法:
@override
void _run() {
if (_isDisposed) {
return;
}
_context.startBatch();
_isScheduled = false;
if (_context._shouldCompute(this)) {
try {
_onInvalidate();
} on Object catch (e) {
// Note: "on Object" accounts for both Error and Exception
_errorValue = MobXCaughtException(e);
_reportException(e);
}
}
_context.endBatch();
}
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其中的_onInvalidate()
就是在observer構成的時候傳入的方法:
void _invalidate() => setState(noOp);
static void noOp() {}
複製代碼
看到這裏,其實已經水落石出了,就是經過調用的setState從而刷新了widget。
有讀者問到,flutter不支持反射,那mobx是怎麼去處理註解的。爲此我特地去翻了mobx的源碼,發現mobx是使用了dart的靜態類型檢查的類TypeChecker,
/// An abstraction around doing static type checking at compile/build time.
abstract class TypeChecker {
const TypeChecker._();
}
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咱們知道,對於flutter,debug模式下,是基於JIT去編譯的,因此能夠在runtime的時候獲得註解的信息,而在product 模式下,則是基於AOT進行編譯,因此沒法獲得runtime的信息。因此在dart版本的mobx,它實際上是在debug的模式下去生成一份模版代碼進行支持,經過這種方式,mobx就可以模擬runtime的時候也支持reflection的特性。
對於Mobx,本質就是在使用了被觀察數據的widget上面套了一個父的widget,而這個父的widget是一個StatefulWidget。 而後經過觀察者模式,發現數據更改時,通知觀察者,而後觀察者調用了setState了,更新了Observer,從而最後達到刷新子widget的效果。
點擊flutter_demo,查看完整代碼。