Mac 下 MySQL 環境搭建

Mac 下安裝 MySQL 仍是很方便的, 總結來看有2個方法。

方法一：用dmg鏡像安裝

一、安裝

官網下載好 MySQL Mac 版安裝包，常規步驟安裝，安裝過程當中會出現以下提示：

2019-03-24T18:27:31.043133Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: TdfRm19!o0Xi

其中TdfRm19!o0Xi是初始密碼，最好先記住！

二、登錄

在終端命令行 登錄mysql:

$ mysql -u root -p
# 輸入上述密碼便可

若是這一步提示: bash: mysql: command not found, 執行下面2個命令作個軟鏈接便可：

cd /usr/local/bin
ln -fs /usr/local/mysql-8.0.11-macos10.13-x86_64/bin/mysql mysql

三、修改密碼

在 MySQL8.0.4 之前，執行 SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD('新密碼') 便可。但新版本不能這樣改了，由於密碼認證變了。具體步驟能夠參考 http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-emerrcss-n.html。

方法二：用 Homebrew 進行安裝

總所周知，Mac 能夠利用 homebrew 進行安裝管理，十分方便，若是沒有安裝 homebrew, 能夠點擊 https://brew.sh/ 安裝。

下面是 mysql 的安裝方式

$ brew install mysql   # 安裝指定版本： brew install mysql@1.1.1

接下來只要等待就能夠了，出現下面文字後咱們已經很清楚咱們須要作什麼了：

==> mysql
We've installed your MySQL database without a root password. To secure it run:
    mysql_secure_installation

MySQL is configured to only allow connections from localhost by default

To connect run:
    mysql -u root

To have launchd start mysql now and restart at login:
  brew services start mysql
Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
  mysql.server start

按說明繼續執行，進行初始化操做：

$ myysql_secure_installation

初始化過程當中會有不少問題，如下是具體問題部分，以註釋爲解釋：

Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD component?

Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: Y   ## 回覆y 須要密碼8位以上，回覆n 則不作限制

The password validation component is not available. Proceeding with the further steps without the component.
Please set the password for root here.

New password:   ## 設置你的密碼

Re-enter new password:   ## 再次輸入你的密碼

By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.

Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y    ## 是否移除匿名用戶。考慮安全我選了y
Success.


Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y   ## 是否容許遠程連mysql 的 root。我用作本地調試，不是遠程服務器，因此y了
Success.

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.


Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y      ## 是否y了刪除test數據庫，我選了y
 - Dropping test database...
Success.

 - Removing privileges on test database...
Success.

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y      ## 選y, 從新加載權限列表
Success.

All done!

到此配置就結束了，下面咱們啓動 mysql 便可，記住如下命令：

$ mysql -u root -p   ## 登錄 mysql
$ brew services start mysql@5.7   ## 啓動 mysql
$ brew services stop mysql@5.7   ## 中止 mysql
$ mysql.server start   ## 啓動 mysql(無後臺服務)