Oracle DataGuard 物理Standby 搭建(上)

時間 2019-11-12

標籤 oracle dataguard 物理 standby 搭建欄目 Oracle 简体版

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Oracle Dataguard數據庫

hostsession	IPoracle	Oracle_sidapp	DB_unique_name性能	FAL_serverui	FAL_clientthis
primaryspa	192.168.126.136	dgtest	dg_pd	dg_st	dg_pd
standy	192.168.126.128	dgtest	dg_st	dg_pd	dg_st

一． Primary 端的配置

1. 主庫設置爲force logging 模式

SQL> alter database force logging;

2. 主庫設爲歸檔模式

SQL> archive log list;

SQL> shutdown immediate

SQL> startup mount

SQL> alter database archivelog;

SQL> archive log list;

3. 建立備庫的密碼文件和控制文件

SQL> alter database create standby controlfile as '/u01/control01.ctl';

-- 說明：判斷一個數據庫是Primary仍是Standby，就是經過控制文件來判斷的。

[oracle@localhostdbs]$ orapwd file=/u01/orapwDG password=ank88ank

若是已經存在，就不用建立了。缺省狀況下，win下口令文件的格式是pwdsid.ora，unix下的格式是orapwSID(大小寫敏感）

4. 修改初始化參數文件

*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME='dg_pd'

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(dg_pd,dg_st)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archive VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg_pd'

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=dg_st ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg_st '

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE

*.standby_file_management='AUTO'

*.FAL_SERVER='dg_st'

*.FAL_CLIENT='dg_pd'

若是主庫和備庫的數據文件位置不一樣，還須要加以下2個參數：

*.log_file_name_convert='/u02/oradata/dgtest/','/u03/oradata/dgtest/'

*.db_file_name_convert='/u02/oradata/dgtest/','/u03/oradata/dgtest/'

-- 注意：orcl_st,orcl_pd 是在tnsnames文件中配置的

用'/u01/pri.ora' 這個pfile 啓動數據庫，並生成spfile。

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup pfile='/u01/pri.ora';

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 167772160 bytes

Fixed Size 1218316 bytes

Variable Size 79694068 bytes

Database Buffers 83886080 bytes

Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> create spfile from pfile='/u01/pri.ora';

File created.

6. 修改listener.ora 和tnsnames.ora 文件

Listener.ora 文件：

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

(ORACLE_HOME =/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db)

(PROGRAM = extproc)

)

(SID_DESC =

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = dg)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db)

(SID_NAME = dgtest)

)

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =192.168.32.129)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))

)

注意：SID_LIST_LISTENER 配置的是靜態註冊，若是沒有該參數，並且Data Guard 啓動順序又不正確，那麼在主庫可能會報 PING[ARC1]: Heartbeat failed to connect to standby 'orcl_st'. Error is 12514. 錯誤，致使歸檔沒法完成。

Oracle Listener 動態註冊與靜態註冊

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/04/30/5543166.aspx

Tnsnames.ora 文件

DG_ST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.32.128)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = dg)

)

DG_PD =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.32.129)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = dg)

)

二． Standby 端配置

1. 建立備庫存放數據文件和後臺跟蹤目錄，這個目錄能夠和主庫相同，若是不一樣，就須要在主庫的初始化文件中進行轉換。

如：

*.log_file_name_convert='/u02/oradata/dgtest/','/u03/oradata/orcl/'

*.db_file_name_convert='/u02/oradata/dgtest/','/u03/oradata/orcl/'

--建相目錄

mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/dgtest

mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dgtest

mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dgtest/adump

mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dgtest/bdump

mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dgtest/cdump

mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dgtest/dpdump

mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dgtest/pfile

mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dgtest/udump

mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dgtest/

2. 將主庫的密碼文件，控制文件，數據文件，參數文件，日誌文件copy到備庫。

說明一點，這個控制文件是咱們本身建立的standby 控制文件。將copy過來的控制文件再複製三份就能夠了。主備的控制文件是不同的。這裏除了採用直接copy 文件以外，還能夠採用Rman 恢復來作。直接copy 須要停數據庫，若是採用RMAN 的話，就不須要停機了。

--數據文件,redo文件

scp *.dbf 192.168.32.144:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dgtest

scp *.log 192.168.32.144:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dgtest

--密碼文件，參數文件

scp pri.ora 192.168.32.144:/u01

scp orapwdgtest 192.168.32.144:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db/dbs

--listener tnsnames

scp listener.ora 192.168.32.144:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db/network/admin

scp tnsnames.ora 192.168.32.144:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db/network/admin

--standby 控制文件

scp *.ctl 192.168.32.144:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dgtest/

cp control01.ctl control02.ctl

cp control01.ctl control03.ctl

3. 修改初始化參數文件

*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME='dg_st'

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(dg_pd,dg_st)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archive VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg_st'

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=dg_pd ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg_pd'

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE

*.standby_file_management='AUTO'

*.FAL_SERVER='dg_pd'

*.FAL_CLIENT='dg_sd'

保存爲std.ora

4. 修改listener.ora 和 tnsnames.ora 文件，若是不存在，就從主庫上copy 過去。

至此，Data Guard 的操做已經完成，下面來開始驗證。

補充：

啓動備庫

SQL>startup nomount pfile='/u01/std.ora'

SQL>create spfile from pfile='/u01/std.ora'

------------------------------------環境 End-----------------------------------

-----------start------------

--注意Data Guard 啓動順序：

啓動順序：先standby ,後primary;
關閉順序：先primary 後standby;

在備庫將實例啓動到mount 狀態：

SQL> startup nomount;

SQL>alter database mount standby database ;

SQL>ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;

SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

在備庫啓動監聽：

$lsnrctl start

在主庫啓動實例：

SQL> startup;

在主庫啓動監聽：

$lsnrctl start

--------------------DataGuard Acitve OK------------

Now

Primary：open

Standby:mount

--Standby只讀模式打開

--中止redo應用

SQL>alter database recover managed standby database cancel

SQL>alter database open;

SQL>select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE

----------

READ ONLY

--Standby從新回到redo apply狀態

SQL>shutdown immediate

SQL>startup nomount

SQL>alter database mount standby database disconnect

SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect

--驗證是否傳輸到了Standby database

--Primary database

SQL>SELECT SEQUENCE#, FIRST_TIME, NEXT_TIME FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;

SQL> SELECT SEQUENCE#, FIRST_TIME, NEXT_TIME FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;

SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME

7 23-FEB-11 23-FEB-11

8 23-FEB-11 23-FEB-11

9 23-FEB-11 23-FEB-11

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

--Standby database

SQL>SELECT SEQUENCE#, FIRST_TIME, NEXT_TIME FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;

SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME

---------- --------- ---------

7 23-FEB-11 23-FEB-11

8 23-FEB-11 23-FEB-11

9 23-FEB-11 23-FEB-11

10 23-FEB-11 23-FEB-11

--驗證Standby redo 是否應用

SQL>SELECT SEQUENCE#,APPLIED FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;

SEQUENCE# APP

---------- ---

3 YES

4 YES

5 YES

6 YES

7 YES

8 YES

9 YES

10 YES

8 rows selected.

--若是出錯

在主庫驗證歸檔目錄是否有效：

SQL> SELECT STATUS,DESTINATION, ERROR FROM V$ARCHIVE_DEST;

若是有錯誤，要排查緣由。

SQL> SELECT STATUS ,ERROR FROM V$ARCHIVE_DEST;

STATUS ERROR

--------- -----------------------------------------------------------------

VALID

INACTIVE

注意：若是在主庫執行 alter database clear unarchived logfile或alter database open resetlogs ,　則dataguard要重建。

補充：

--監控日誌應用服務

SQL>select database_role,db_unique_name,open_mode,protection_mode,protection_level,switchover_status from v$database;

--設置新的數據保護模式並重啓數據庫

當保護模式更改順序：

maximize protection ---> maximize availability ----> maximize performance

當在把dataguard的保護級別按這上面的順序減低的時候，不須要primary庫在mount狀態，不然primary 必須在mount 狀態。

如：
SQL> alter database set standby database to maximize availability;

alter database set standby database to maximize availability

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01126: database must be mounted in this instance and not open in any

instance

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup mount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 167772160 bytes

Fixed Size 1218316 bytes

Variable Size 79694068 bytes

Database Buffers 83886080 bytes

Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes

Database mounted.

SQL> alter database set standby database to maximize availability;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;

alter database open

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel

報錯了，這是由於最大可用性須要先修改日誌傳送方式爲lgwr同步方式，不然，數據庫是沒法open.

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=orcl_st lgwr sync AFFIRM';

System altered.

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup mount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 167772160 bytes

Fixed Size 1218316 bytes

Variable Size 79694068 bytes

Database Buffers 83886080 bytes

Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes

Database mounted.

SQL> alter database set standby database to maximize availability;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> select protection_mode,protection_level from v$database;

PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL

-------------------- --------------------

MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY

alter database set standby database to maximize performance;

提示：maximize後可跟{PROTECTION | AVAILABILITY | PERFORMANCE}，分別對應最大保護，最高可用性及最高性能。

在最大保護模式下，直接關閉備庫是不行的，若是在備庫上關閉數據庫，會有以下提示：
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01154: database busy. Open, close, mount, and dismount not allowed now
SQL>
在最大保護模式下，備庫是不容許關閉的，此時首先關閉主庫，而後備庫就能夠順利關閉了

注意：主庫的保護模式修改以後，備庫的模式也會改變，和主庫保持一致。

3. 查看日誌歸檔狀況

主庫進行日誌切換:

SQL>Alter system switch logfile;

select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;

select max(sequence#) from v$log_history;

select group#,sequence#,archived,status from v$log;

select name,sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;

select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;

若不一樣步，

1>看log日誌， archive是否有丟失

2>能夠在備庫坐以下操做：