面試必問:Spring 循環依賴的三種方式 !

來源:https://blog.csdn.net/u010644448
引言:循環依賴就是N個類中循環嵌套引用,若是在平常開發中咱們用new 對象的方式發生這種循環依賴的話程序會在運行時一直循環調用,直至內存溢出報錯。下面說一下Spring是若是解決循環依賴的。java

第一種:構造器參數循環依賴程序員

Spring容器會將每個正在建立的Bean 標識符放在一個「當前建立Bean池」中,Bean標識符在建立過程當中將一直保持在這個池中。面試

所以若是在建立Bean過程當中發現本身已經在「當前建立Bean池」裏時將拋出BeanCurrentlyInCreationException異常表示循環依賴;而對於建立完畢的Bean將從「當前建立Bean池」中清除掉。spring

首先咱們先初始化三個Bean。設計模式

public class StudentA {緩存

private StudentB studentB ;

public void setStudentB(StudentB studentB) {
    this.studentB = studentB;
}

public StudentA() {
}

public StudentA(StudentB studentB) {
    this.studentB = studentB;
}

}
public class StudentB {網絡

private StudentC studentC ;

public void setStudentC(StudentC studentC) {
    this.studentC = studentC;
}

public StudentB() {
}

public StudentB(StudentC studentC) {
    this.studentC = studentC;
}

}
public class StudentC {多線程

private StudentA studentA ;

public void setStudentA(StudentA studentA) {
    this.studentA = studentA;
}

public StudentC() {
}

public StudentC(StudentA studentA) {
    this.studentA = studentA;
}

}
OK,上面是很基本的3個類,,StudentA有參構造是StudentB。StudentB的有參構造是StudentC,StudentC的有參構造是StudentA ,這樣就產生了一個循環依賴的狀況, 咱們都把這三個Bean交給Spring管理,並用有參構造實例化。app

下面是測試類:

public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");
//System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));
}
}
執行結果報錯信息爲:學習

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:
Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
若是你們理解開頭那句話的話,這個報錯應該不驚訝,Spring容器先建立單例StudentA,StudentA依賴StudentB,而後將A放在「當前建立Bean池」中,此時建立StudentB,StudentB依賴StudentC ,而後將B放在「當前建立Bean池」中,此時建立StudentC,StudentC又依賴StudentA, 可是,此時Student已經在池中,因此會報錯,,由於在池中的Bean都是未初始化完的,因此會依賴錯誤 ,(初始化完的Bean會從池中移除)

第二種:setter方式單例,默認方式

若是要說setter方式注入的話,咱們最好先看一張Spring中Bean實例化的圖

如圖中前兩步驟得知:Spring是先將Bean對象實例化以後再設置對象屬性的

修改配置文件爲set方式注入

<!--scope="singleton"(默認就是單例方式)  -->
    <bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA" scope="singleton">
        <property name="studentB" ref="b"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB" scope="singleton">
        <property name="studentC" ref="c"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC" scope="singleton">
        <property name="studentA" ref="a"></property>
    </bean>

下面是測試類:

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");
        System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));
    }
}

打印結果爲:

com.zfx.student.StudentA@1fbfd6
爲何用set方式就不報錯了呢 ?
咱們結合上面那張圖看,Spring先是用構造實例化Bean對象 ,此時Spring會將這個實例化結束的對象放到一個Map中,而且Spring提供了獲取這個未設置屬性的實例化對象引用的方法。

結合咱們的實例來看,,當Spring實例化了StudentA、StudentB、StudentC後,緊接着會去設置對象的屬性,此時StudentA依賴StudentB,就會去Map中取出存在裏面的單例StudentB對象,以此類推,不會出來循環的問題嘍、

下面是Spring源碼中的實現方法。如下的源碼在Spring的Bean包中的DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java類中

/** Cache of singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(緩存單例實例化對象的Map集合) */
    private final Map<String, Object> singletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object>(64);

    /** Cache of singleton factories: bean name --> ObjectFactory(單例的工廠Bean緩存集合) */
    private final Map<String, ObjectFactory> singletonFactories = new HashMap<String, ObjectFactory>(16);

    /** Cache of early singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(早期的單身對象緩存集合) */
    private final Map<String, Object> earlySingletonObjects = new HashMap<String, Object>(16);

    /** Set of registered singletons, containing the bean names in registration order(單例的實例化對象名稱集合) */
    private final Set<String> registeredSingletons = new LinkedHashSet<String>(64);
    /**
     * 添加單例實例
     * 解決循環引用的問題
     * Add the given singleton factory for building the specified singleton
     * if necessary.
     * <p>To be called for eager registration of singletons, e.g. to be able to
     * resolve circular references.
     * @param beanName the name of the bean
     * @param singletonFactory the factory for the singleton object
     */
    protected void addSingletonFactory(String beanName, ObjectFactory singletonFactory) {
        Assert.notNull(singletonFactory, "Singleton factory must not be null");
        synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
            if (!this.singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName)) {
                this.singletonFactories.put(beanName, singletonFactory);
                this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);
                this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);
            }
        }
    }

第三種:setter方式原型,prototype

修改配置文件爲:

<bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA" scope="prototype">
        <property name="studentB" ref="b"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB" scope="prototype">
        <property name="studentC" ref="c"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC" scope="prototype">
        <property name="studentA" ref="a"></property>
    </bean>

scope="prototype" 意思是 每次請求都會建立一個實例對象。

二者的區別是:有狀態的bean都使用Prototype做用域,無狀態的通常都使用singleton單例做用域。

測試用例:

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");
        //此時必需要獲取Spring管理的實例,由於如今scope="prototype" 只有請求獲取的時候纔會實例化對象
        System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));
    }
}

打印結果:

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:
    Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?

爲何原型模式就報錯了呢 ?
對於「prototype」做用域Bean,Spring容器沒法完成依賴注入,由於「prototype」做用域的Bean,Spring容器不進行緩存,所以沒法提早暴露一個建立中的Bean。

總結了一些2020年的面試題,這份面試題的包含的模塊分爲19個模塊,分別是:Java基礎、容器、多線程、反射、對象拷貝、JavaWeb異常、網絡、設計模式、Spring/SpringMVC、SpringBoot/SpringCloud、Hibernate、MyBatis、RabbitMQ、Kafka、Zookeeper、MySQL、Redis、JVM.
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