優雅處理HTTPS中的證書問題

時間 2019-11-06

標籤優雅處理 https 證書問題简体版

原文原文鏈接

Java中HTTPS會遇到的問題

訪問自簽名的HTTPS網站
高版本JRE訪問SSLv3/SSLv2站點
一些銀行接口須要加載keystore的場景

* 若是要了解SSL歷史也能夠看看這篇文章。html

1 訪問自簽名的HTTPS網站

經常看到的回答是直接經過信任全部來支持, 這不優雅; 優雅的操做應該:java

下載服務端的CA證書

# 方式1: 導出DER格式的證書
# 這裏須要經過指定servername來保證導出的證書和當前域名匹配
openssl s_client -showcerts -connect self-signed.badssl.com:443 -servername self-signed.badssl.com </dev/null 2>/dev/null|openssl x509 -outform der >self-signed.badssl.com.der

代碼中經過加載服務端證書後經過自定義SSLContext訪問目標服務器:

private SSLContext sslContext(File certificateFile, String certificateType) {

    InputStream inputStream = null;
    try {
        inputStream = new FileInputStream(certificateFile);
        CertificateFactory cf = CertificateFactory.getInstance(certificateType);
        Certificate certificate = cf.generateCertificate(inputStream);
        System.out.println("ca=" + ((X509Certificate) certificate).getSubjectDN());
        String alias = ((X509Certificate) certificate).getSubjectDN().toString();

        KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
        keyStore.load(null, null);
        keyStore.setCertificateEntry(alias, certificate);

        // Create a KeyStore containing our trusted CAs
        SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom()
                .loadTrustMaterial(keyStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy())
                .build();
        return sslcontext;
    } catch (IOException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    } catch (CertificateException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    } catch (KeyStoreException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    } catch (KeyManagementException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    } finally {
        if (inputStream != null) try { inputStream.close(); } catch (IOException e) { }
    }
}

@Test
public void testSelfSign() throws IOException {
    File certFile = ResourceUtils.getFile(this.getClass().getResource("/root.cer"));

    CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom()
            .setSSLContext(sslContext(certFile, "X.509"))  //
            .build();

    String body = Executor.newInstance(httpclient).execute(Request
            .Get("https://self-signed.badssl.com/"))
            .returnContent()
            .asString();
    System.out.println(body);
}

2 高版本JRE訪問SSLv3/SSLv2站點

一般你獲得的答案是經過修改${JRE_HOME}/lib/security/java.security目錄下某些配置項來取消高版本SDK對某些不安全SSL協議版本或算法的限制。算法

各版本對SSL的支持狀況segmentfault

	JDK8	JDK7	JDK6
TLS Protocols	TLSv1.2 (default)<br/>TLSv1.1<br/>TLSv1<br/>SSLv3	TLSv1.2<br/>TLSv1.1<br/>TLSv1 (default)<br/>SSLv3	TLS v1.1 (JDK 6 update 111 and above)<br/>TLSv1 (default)<br/>SSLv3
JSSE Ciphers:	Ciphers in JDK 8	Ciphers in JDK 7	Ciphers in JDK 6
Reference:	JDK 8 JSSE	JDK 7 JSSE	JDK 6 JSSE
Java Cryptography Extension, Unlimited Strength (explained later)	JCE for JDK 8	JCE for JDK 7	JCE for JDK 6

* 在2015年1月發佈的升級補丁中也已經禁用對SSLv3的支持。安全

因此爲何會出如今某些高版本沒法訪問某些HTTPS站點的緣由就是因爲有如下可能:服務器

服務端支持對SSL版本在本地JRE已經被禁用, 例如服務端只支持SSLv3而JDK已經默認關閉了對SSLv3的支持。
服務端使用的JSSE Ciphers和本地支持的JSSE Ciphers沒有共同項致使沒法正常選擇加密算法。

2.1 確認當前JRE啓用SSL協議

@Test
public void sslSupport() throws IOException {
    SSLSocketFactory factory = (SSLSocketFactory) SSLSocketFactory.getDefault();
    SSLSocket soc = (SSLSocket) factory.createSocket();

    // Returns the names of the protocol versions which are
    // currently enabled for use on this connection.
    String[] protocols = soc.getEnabledProtocols();

    System.out.println("Enabled protocols:");
    for (String s : protocols) {
        System.out.println(s);
    }
}

輸出:oracle

Enabled protocols:
TLSv1
TLSv1.1
TLSv1.2

2.2 確認當前JRE啓用CipherSutes

String[] cipers = soc.getEnabledCipherSuites();
System.out.println("Enabled CipherSutes:");
for (String s : cipers) {
    System.out.println(s);
}

輸出tcp

Enabled CipherSutes:
TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384
TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384
TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256
TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384
TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384
TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256
TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256
TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256
TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256
TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256
TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256
TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256
TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256
TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256
TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA
TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA
TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA
TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA
TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA
TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA
TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA
TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
TLS_EMPTY_RENEGOTIATION_INFO_SCSV

2.3 檢查服務器支持的SSL協議

這裏我推薦使用nmap檢測:ide

nmap --script ssl-enum-ciphers -p 443 badssl.com

輸出:oop

Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2019-01-01 22:26 CST
Nmap scan report for badssl.com (104.154.89.105)
Host is up (0.32s latency).
rDNS record for 104.154.89.105: 105.89.154.104.bc.googleusercontent.com

PORT    STATE SERVICE
443/tcp open  https
| ssl-enum-ciphers:
|   TLSv1.0:
|     ciphers:
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (secp256r1) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA (secp256r1) - A
|       TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (dh 2048) - A
|       TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA (dh 2048) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA (secp256r1) - C
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (rsa 2048) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA (rsa 2048) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA (rsa 2048) - C
|       TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA (dh 2048) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA (rsa 2048) - A
|       TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA (dh 2048) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA (rsa 2048) - A
|     compressors:
|       NULL
|     cipher preference: server
|     warnings:
|       64-bit block cipher 3DES vulnerable to SWEET32 attack
|   TLSv1.1:
|     ciphers:
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (secp256r1) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA (secp256r1) - A
|       TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (dh 2048) - A
|       TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA (dh 2048) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA (secp256r1) - C
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (rsa 2048) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA (rsa 2048) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA (rsa 2048) - C
|       TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA (dh 2048) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA (rsa 2048) - A
|       TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA (dh 2048) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA (rsa 2048) - A
|     compressors:
|       NULL
|     cipher preference: server
|     warnings:
|       64-bit block cipher 3DES vulnerable to SWEET32 attack
|   TLSv1.2:
|     ciphers:
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (secp256r1) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (secp256r1) - A
|       TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (dh 2048) - A
|       TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (dh 2048) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 (secp256r1) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (secp256r1) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 (secp256r1) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA (secp256r1) - A
|       TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 (dh 2048) - A
|       TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (dh 2048) - A
|       TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256 (dh 2048) - A
|       TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA (dh 2048) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA (secp256r1) - C
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (rsa 2048) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (rsa 2048) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 (rsa 2048) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256 (rsa 2048) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (rsa 2048) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA (rsa 2048) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA (rsa 2048) - C
|       TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA (dh 2048) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA (rsa 2048) - A
|       TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA (dh 2048) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA (rsa 2048) - A
|     compressors:
|       NULL
|     cipher preference: server
|     warnings:
|       64-bit block cipher 3DES vulnerable to SWEET32 attack
|_  least strength: C

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 39.91 seconds

根據輸出能夠看到badssl.com同時支持TLSv1.0、TLSv1.1以及TLSv1.2, 同時也能夠看到當前對應協議支持的加密算法。

2.4 解決方案

JRE在${JRE_HOME}/lib/security/java.security配置了一些算法的配置, 例如本地個人${JRE_HOME}/lib/security/java.security配置內容爲:

jdk.tls.disabledAlgorithms=SSLv3, RC4, DES, MD5withRSA, DH keySize < 1024, \
    EC keySize < 224, 3DES_EDE_CBC

表示當前JRE要禁用SSLv3協議以及RC4、DES等算法。

固然咱們能夠經過手動修改該文件來取消這些限制來達到咱們對目的, 但這樣程序在部署到新環境就可能不能正常運行, 不優雅! 優雅對操做以下:

根據協議版本動態對JRE對設置取消設置, 在JRE中管理相關SSL協議以及算法的配置項主要是jdk.tls.disabledAlgorithms。

// 取消當前運行環境對SSLv三、RC四、DES以及3DES_EDE_CBC的禁用限制
static {
    String disabledAlgorithms = Security.getProperty("jdk.tls.disabledAlgorithms");
    HashSet<String> keys = Sets.newHashSet(disabledAlgorithms.split(", +"));
    if (keys.contains("SSLv3")) keys.remove("SSLv3");
    if (keys.contains("RC4")) keys.remove("RC4");
    if (keys.contains("DES")) keys.remove("DES");
    if (keys.contains("3DES_EDE_CBC")) keys.remove("3DES_EDE_CBC");

    Security.setProperty("jdk.tls.disabledAlgorithms", StringUtils.join(keys, ", "));
    log.debug("SECURITY PROPERTY UPDATED \"jdk.tls.disabledAlgorithms\" = " + Security.getProperty("jdk.tls.disabledAlgorithms"));
}

自定義SSLConnectionSocketFactory兼容對低版本協議對支持, 突破JRE默認限制。

// Allow SSLv3, TLSv1, TLSv1.2 protocol only
SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslConnectionSocketFactory =  new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(
        sslContext,
        new String[] { "SSLv3", "TLSv1", "TLSv1.2"},
        null,
        NoopHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE);

至此你就能夠完美且優雅的解決這個問題。

附錄

[1] HTTPS
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki...
[2] Obtain a Certificate from Server
https://ldapwiki.com/wiki/Obt...
[3] Transport Level Security (TLS) and Java
http://www.ateam-oracle.com/t...
[4] Diagnosing TLS, SSL, and HTTPS
https://blogs.oracle.com/java...

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