RSA加密的java實現

時間 2019-11-24

原文原文鏈接

首先科普一波：java

RSA的1024位是指公鑰及私鑰分別是1024bit，也就是1024/8=128 Bytes

RSA算法密鑰長度的選擇是安全性和程序性能平衡的結果，密鑰長度越長，安全性越好，加密解密所需時間越長。

1. 非對稱加密算法中1024 bit密鑰的強度至關於對稱加密算法80bit密鑰的強度。有資料上說以當前的軟硬件水平，破解1024bit的RSA加密密文，須要一套10億美金的系統使用若干十年的時間，因此2015年前，1024bit的還無需太擔憂暴力破解的危險。算法

2. 密鑰長度增加一倍，公鑰操做所需時間增長約4倍，私鑰操做所需時間增長約8倍，公私鑰生成時間約增加16倍。apache

3. 一次能加密的密文長度與密鑰長度成正比， len_in_byte(raw_data) = len_in_bit(key)/8 -11，如1024bit的密鑰，一次能加密的內容長度爲 1024/8 -11 = 117 byte。因此非對稱加密通常都用於加密對稱加密算法的密鑰，而不是直接加密內容。安全

4. 加密後密文的長度爲密鑰的長度，如密鑰長度爲1024b(128Byte)，最後生成的密文固定爲 1024b(128Byte
RSA的1024位是指公鑰及私鑰分別是1024bit，也就是1024/8=128 Bytes

package com.handsight.platform.fras.util;

import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class RSAUtils {

    public static final String CHARSET = "UTF-8";
    public static final String RSA_ALGORITHM = "RSA";


    public static Map<String, String> createKeys(int keySize){
        //爲RSA算法建立一個KeyPairGenerator對象
        KeyPairGenerator kpg;
        try{
            kpg = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
        }catch(NoSuchAlgorithmException e){
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("No such algorithm-->[" + RSA_ALGORITHM + "]");
        }

        //初始化KeyPairGenerator對象,密鑰長度
        kpg.initialize(keySize);                //keySize 能夠爲1024
        //生成密匙對
        KeyPair keyPair = kpg.generateKeyPair();
        //獲得公鑰
        Key publicKey = keyPair.getPublic();
        String publicKeyStr = Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(publicKey.getEncoded());
        //獲得私鑰
        Key privateKey = keyPair.getPrivate();
        String privateKeyStr = Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(privateKey.getEncoded());
        Map<String, String> keyPairMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
        keyPairMap.put("publicKey", publicKeyStr);
        keyPairMap.put("privateKey", privateKeyStr);

        return keyPairMap;
    }

    /**
     * 獲得公鑰
     * @param publicKey 密鑰字符串（通過base64編碼）
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static RSAPublicKey getPublicKey(String publicKey) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException {
        //經過X509編碼的Key指令得到公鑰對象
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
        X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(Base64.decodeBase64(publicKey));
        RSAPublicKey key = (RSAPublicKey) keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);
        return key;
    }

    /**
     * 獲得私鑰
     * @param privateKey 密鑰字符串（通過base64編碼）
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static RSAPrivateKey getPrivateKey(String privateKey) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException {
        //經過PKCS#8編碼的Key指令得到私鑰對象
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(Base64.decodeBase64(privateKey));
        RSAPrivateKey key = (RSAPrivateKey) keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
        return key;
    }

    /**
     * 公鑰加密
     * @param data
     * @param publicKey
     * @return
     */
    public static String publicEncrypt(String data, RSAPublicKey publicKey){
        try{
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
            return Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(rsaSplitCodec(cipher, Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, data.getBytes(CHARSET), publicKey.getModulus().bitLength()));
        }catch(Exception e){
            throw new RuntimeException("加密字符串[" + data + "]時遇到異常", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 私鑰解密
     * @param data
     * @param privateKey
     * @return
     */

    public static String privateDecrypt(String data, RSAPrivateKey privateKey){
        try{
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
            return new String(rsaSplitCodec(cipher, Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, Base64.decodeBase64(data), privateKey.getModulus().bitLength()), CHARSET);
        }catch(Exception e){
            throw new RuntimeException("解密字符串[" + data + "]時遇到異常", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 私鑰加密
     * @param data
     * @param privateKey
     * @return
     */

    public static String privateEncrypt(String data, RSAPrivateKey privateKey){
        try{
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
            return Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(rsaSplitCodec(cipher, Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, data.getBytes(CHARSET), privateKey.getModulus().bitLength()));
        }catch(Exception e){
            throw new RuntimeException("加密字符串[" + data + "]時遇到異常", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 公鑰解密
     * @param data
     * @param publicKey
     * @return
     */

    public static String publicDecrypt(String data, RSAPublicKey publicKey){
        try{
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
            return new String(rsaSplitCodec(cipher, Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, Base64.decodeBase64(data), publicKey.getModulus().bitLength()), CHARSET);
        }catch(Exception e){
            throw new RuntimeException("解密字符串[" + data + "]時遇到異常", e);
        }
    }

    private static byte[] rsaSplitCodec(Cipher cipher, int opmode, byte[] datas, int keySize){
        int maxBlock = 0;
        if(opmode == Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE){
            maxBlock = keySize / 8;
        }else{
            maxBlock = keySize / 8 - 11;
        }
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        int offSet = 0;
        byte[] buff;
        int i = 0;
        try{
            while(datas.length > offSet){
                if(datas.length-offSet > maxBlock){
                    buff = cipher.doFinal(datas, offSet, maxBlock);
                }else{
                    buff = cipher.doFinal(datas, offSet, datas.length-offSet);
                }
                out.write(buff, 0, buff.length);
                i++;
                offSet = i * maxBlock;
            }
        }catch(Exception e){
            throw new RuntimeException("加解密閥值爲["+maxBlock+"]的數據時發生異常", e);
        }
        byte[] resultDatas = out.toByteArray();
        IOUtils.closeQuietly(out);
        return resultDatas;
    }

}

測試：app

公鑰加密-----------私鑰解密性能

package com.handsight.platform.fras.aapp;

import com.handsight.platform.fras.util.RSAUtils;

import java.util.Map;

public class TestRsa {
    public static void main (String[] args) throws Exception {
        Map<String, String> keyMap = RSAUtils.createKeys(1024);
        String  publicKey = keyMap.get("publicKey");
        String  privateKey = keyMap.get("privateKey");
        System.out.println("公鑰: \n\r" + publicKey);
        System.out.println("私鑰： \n\r" + privateKey);

        System.out.println("公鑰加密——私鑰解密");
        String str = "站在大明門前守衛的禁衛軍，事先沒有接到\n" +
                "有關的命令，但看到大批盛裝的官員來臨，也就\n" +
                "覺得確係舉行大典，於是未加詢問。進大明門即\n" +
                "爲皇城。文武百官看到端門午門以前氣氛平靜，\n" +
                "城樓上下也無朝會的跡象，既無幾案，站隊點名\n" +
                "的御史和御前侍衛「大漢將軍」也不見蹤跡，難免\n" +
                "心中揣測，互相詢問：所謂午朝是否訛傳？";
        System.out.println("\r明文：\r\n" + str);
        System.out.println("\r明文大小：\r\n" + str.getBytes().length);
        //公鑰加密
        String encodedData = RSAUtils.publicEncrypt(str, RSAUtils.getPublicKey(publicKey));

        System.out.println("密文：\r\n" + encodedData);
        //私鑰解密
        String decodedData = RSAUtils.privateDecrypt(encodedData, RSAUtils.getPrivateKey(privateKey));

        System.out.println("解密後文字: \r\n" + decodedData);


    }
}