CentOS 7.7安裝Erlang和Elixir

安裝以前，先看一下它們的簡要說明

Erlang

Erlang是一種開源編程語言，用於構建對高可用性有要求的大規模可擴展的軟實時系統。它一般用於電信，銀行，電子商務，計算機電話和即時消息中。Erlang的runtime系統具備對併發，分發和容錯的內置支持。它是在愛立信計算機科學實驗室設計的。

Elixir

Elixir是一種動態的功能語言，旨在用於構建可伸縮和可維護的應用程序。Elixir利用了以運行低延遲，分佈式和容錯系統而著稱的Erlang VM，同時也成功地用於Web開發和嵌入式軟件領域。

如今開始在CentOS 7.7 64位服務器中安裝Erlang和Elixir。

安裝前的準備

安裝Erlang和Elixir以前，須要安裝如下依賴。

yum update

yum install epel-release

yum install gcc gcc-c++ glibc-devel make ncurses-devel openssl-devel autoconf java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel git wget wxBase.x86_64

沉默是金 https://blog.markhoo.com

安裝Erlang

因爲官方存儲庫中的Erlang版本可能比較舊，這裏我將下載並安裝最新的Erlang版本。

添加Erlang官方存儲庫以安裝最新的Erlang。

首先到Erlang存儲庫頁面，根據你使用的發行版下載存儲庫：

因爲如今在CentOS 7.7中安裝Erlang，所以我將添加如下存儲庫。

wget http://packages.erlang-soluti...
rpm -Uvh erlang-solutions-1.0-1.noarch.rpm

使用如下命令更新存儲庫列表：

yum update

使用如下命令安裝erlang

yum install erlang

如今最新版本的Erlang已安裝完成。

驗證Erlang

運行如下命令以驗證是否已安裝Erlang。

erl

輸出示例：

Erlang/OTP 22 [erts-10.6] [source] [64-bit] [smp:1:1] [ds:1:1:10] [async-threads:1] [hipe]

Eshell V10.6  (abort with ^G)
1>

若是看到如上的Erlang shell，表示安裝成功！要關閉shell，只需按兩次 Ctrl-C。

在Erlang中測試示例「 hello_world」程序

建立一個名爲「 hello.erl」的新文件。

vi hello.erl

添加如下代碼：

-module(hello).
-export([hello_world/0]).
hello_world() -> io:fwrite("hello, world\n").

:wq 保存並關閉文件。

使用如下命令打開Erlang shell：

erl

運行如下命令，切記在每一個命令的末尾添加英文點：

c(hello).

hello:hello_world().

輸出示例：

[root@localhost ~]# erl
Erlang/OTP 22 [erts-10.6] [source] [64-bit] [smp:1:1] [ds:1:1:10] [async-threads:1] [hipe]

Eshell V10.6  (abort with ^G)
1> c(hello).
{ok,hello}
2> hello:hello_world().
hello, world
ok
3>

沉默是金 https://blog.markhoo.com

安裝Elixir

安裝Elixir以前必需要先安裝Erlang！

Elixir在EPEL存儲庫中可用，但已通過時了。爲了安裝最新版本，這裏使用源碼編譯安裝。

如今將Elixir從GitHub拉取到本地：

git clone -b v1.9.4 https://github.com/elixir-lan...

上面的命令會將最新版本拉取到當前工做目錄中名爲 elixir的文件夾中。
注意：最好指定版本，否則的話你安裝完查看版本，可能就是以下所示同樣，源碼和版本號不匹配

Erlang/OTP 22 [erts-10.6] [source] [64-bit] [smp:1:1] [ds:1:1:10] [async-threads:1] [hipe]

Elixir 1.10.0-dev (ee758f9) (compiled with Erlang/OTP 22)

接下來進到 elixir 目錄：

cd elixir/

運行如下命令開始編譯Elixir：

make clean test

輸出示例：

[root@localhost elixir]# make clean test
rm -rf ebin
rm -rf lib/*/ebin
rm -rf lib/elixir/src/elixir_parser.erl
make[1]: 進入目錄「/root/elixir」
rm -rf lib/*/_build/
rm -rf lib/*/tmp/
rm -rf lib/elixir/test/ebin/
rm -rf lib/mix/test/fixtures/deps_on_git_repo/
rm -rf lib/mix/test/fixtures/git_rebar/
rm -rf lib/mix/test/fixtures/git_repo/
rm -rf lib/mix/test/fixtures/git_sparse_repo/
rm -f erl_crash.dump
make[2]: 進入目錄「/root/elixir」
rm -f man/elixir.1
rm -f man/elixir.1.bak
rm -f man/iex.1
rm -f man/iex.1.bak
make[2]: 離開目錄「/root/elixir」
make[1]: 離開目錄「/root/elixir」
Recompile: src/elixir_utils
Recompile: src/elixir_tokenizer
Recompile: src/elixir_sup
Recompile: src/elixir_rewrite
Recompile: src/elixir_quote
Recompile: src/elixir_parser
Recompile: src/elixir_overridable
Recompile: src/elixir_module
Recompile: src/elixir_map
Recompile: src/elixir_locals
Recompile: src/elixir_lexical
Recompile: src/elixir_interpolation
Recompile: src/elixir_import
Recompile: src/elixir_fn
Recompile: src/elixir_expand
Recompile: src/elixir_errors
Recompile: src/elixir_erl_var
Recompile: src/elixir_erl_try
Recompile: src/elixir_erl_pass
Recompile: src/elixir_erl_for
Recompile: src/elixir_erl_compiler
Recompile: src/elixir_erl_clauses
Recompile: src/elixir_erl
Recompile: src/elixir_env
Recompile: src/elixir_dispatch
Recompile: src/elixir_def
Recompile: src/elixir_config
Recompile: src/elixir_compiler
Recompile: src/elixir_code_server
Recompile: src/elixir_clauses
Recompile: src/elixir_bootstrap
Recompile: src/elixir_bitstring
Recompile: src/elixir_aliases
Recompile: src/elixir
Generated elixir app
==> bootstrap (compile)
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/kernel.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/macro/env.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/keyword.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/module.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/list.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/macro.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/kernel/typespec.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/code.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/code/identifier.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/module/checker.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/module/locals_tracker.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/module/parallel_checker.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/module/types/helpers.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/module/types/infer.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/module/types/expr.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/module/types/pattern.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/module/types.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/kernel/utils.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/exception.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/protocol.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/stream/reducers.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/enum.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/map.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/inspect/algebra.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/inspect.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/access.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/range.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/regex.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/string.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/string/chars.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/io.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/path.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/file.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/system.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/kernel/cli.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/kernel/error_handler.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/kernel/parallel_compiler.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/kernel/lexical_tracker.ex
make[1]: 進入目錄「/root/elixir」
==> unicode (compile)
Compiling /root/elixir/lib/elixir/unicode/unicode.ex (it's taking more than 15s)
make[1]: 離開目錄「/root/elixir」
==> elixir (compile)
Compiling /root/elixir/lib/elixir/lib/base.ex (it's taking more than 15s)
make[1]: 進入目錄「/root/elixir」
Generated elixir app
make[1]: 離開目錄「/root/elixir」
==> eex (compile)
==> mix (compile)
Generated mix app
==> ex_unit (compile)
Generated ex_unit app
==> logger (compile)
Generated logger app
Generated eex app
==> iex (compile)
Generated iex app
==> elixir (eunit)
  All 190 tests passed.

==> elixir (ex_unit)
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Finished in 81.6 seconds (47.2s on load, 34.4s on tests)
1569 doctests, 3374 tests, 0 failures, 7 excluded

Randomized with seed 847643
==> ex_unit (ex_unit)
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Finished in 6.2 seconds (3.9s on load, 2.3s on tests)
42 doctests, 309 tests, 0 failures

Randomized with seed 541463
==> logger (ex_unit)
............................................................................................................................

Finished in 2.4 seconds (1.9s on load, 0.4s on tests)
3 doctests, 121 tests, 0 failures

Randomized with seed 211604
==> mix (ex_unit)
Excluding tags: [windows: true]

............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Finished in 158.5 seconds (12.1s on load, 146.4s on tests)
9 doctests, 611 tests, 0 failures

Randomized with seed 334499
==> eex (ex_unit)
...........................................................................................

Finished in 0.5 seconds (0.4s on load, 0.06s on tests)
5 doctests, 86 tests, 0 failures

Randomized with seed 599118
==> iex (ex_unit)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Finished in 8.5 seconds (2.1s on load, 6.3s on tests)
231 tests, 0 failures

Randomized with seed 207545
[root@localhost elixir]#

若是測試經過，則表示編譯安裝完成。

接下來將Elixir的bin路徑添加到PATH環境變量中，不然Elixir將沒法正常工做。

方法一（暫時生效）
如今運行如下命令：

export PATH="$PATH:/root/elixir/bin"

在這裏，我把Elixir安裝在了 /root/elixir/  。你必須將此路徑替換爲你實際的Elixir安裝路徑。

方法二（只對當前登錄用戶生效，永久生效）

vi ~/.bash_profile

默認以下：

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

添加後：

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$PATH:/root/elixir/bin

接下來執行 source ~/.bash_profile 使其當即生效或者 reboot 重啓生效

方法三（對全部系統用戶生效，永久生效）

vi /etc/profile

在文件最後添加如下兩行：

PATH="$PATH:/root/elixir/bin"
export PATH

接下來執行 source /etc/profile 使其當即生效或者 reboot 重啓生效

驗證Elixir

要驗證是否已安裝Elixir，請運行：

iex

輸出示例：

Erlang/OTP 22 [erts-10.6] [source] [64-bit] [smp:1:1] [ds:1:1:10] [async-threads:1] [hipe]

Interactive Elixir (1.9.4) - press Ctrl+C to exit (type h() ENTER for help)
iex(1)>

若是你看到Elixir shell，則表示安裝成功！

一樣，要關閉Elixir shell，只需按兩次Ctrl-C。

查看Elixir版本：

elixir --version

輸出示例：

Erlang/OTP 22 [erts-10.6] [source] [64-bit] [smp:1:1] [ds:1:1:10] [async-threads:1] [hipe]

Elixir 1.10.0-dev (ee758f9) (compiled with Erlang/OTP 22)

如今CentOS 7.7服務器中已成功安裝並設置可工做的Erlang和Elixir開發環境，全部安裝已完成！

沉默是金 https://blog.markhoo.com

參考連接：

• Unixmen
• Erlang網站
• Erlang文檔
• Elixir網站
• Elixir文檔
• 安裝Erlang