保密:經過SSL連接傳輸的數據是加密的鑑別:通訊雙方的身份鑑別,一般是可選的,但至少有一方須要驗證(一般是服務端)java
完成性:傳輸數據的完整性檢查web
從性能角度考慮,加密是一項計算昂貴的處理,所以儘可能不要講整個Web採用SSL連接,實際部署中,選擇有必要進行安全加密的頁面(如存在敏感信息傳輸的頁面)採用SSL通訊。apache
接下來相信介紹一下如何在Tomcat中添加SSL 支持。後端
配置Tomcat以支持SSL一般只在其做爲獨立的web服務器時纔有必要。當Tomcat做爲servlet容器運行與Web服務器後端時,只須要配置前置的Web服務器支持SSL便可。Web服務器負載全部的SSL 相關處理,Tomcat 接收到的請求爲解密後的數據,並且返回的響應也是明文,有Web 服務器完成加密。瀏覽器
一種是JSSE,另外一種是APR(默認的OpenSSL引擎)。tomcat
JSSE適用於BIO、NIO、NIO2連接器(8.5版本以後,NIO、NIO2同時支持OpenSSL,以用於HTTP/2.0), APR適用於APR連接器。因爲JSSE和APR配置有明顯區別,所以咱們最好在Connector的protocol屬性中明確指定連接器的類名,而非協議名(如HTTP/1.1),不然,Tomcat會自動按照本地配置構造connector(若是安裝了APR,則適用APR連接器,不然使用NIO連接器),這樣可能致使SSL不可用。安全
在爲Tomcat添加SSL配置以前,咱們須要先建立一個祕鑰庫。Tomcat支持祕鑰庫有JKS、PKCS11和PKCS112。JKS是Java標準的祕鑰庫格式,由keytool命令行工具建立,該工具位於$JAVA_HOME/bin/目錄下。bash
執行命令以下:服務器
Windows (文件存放於C:\cert目錄,存放路徑也可本身定義):dom
keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA -keystore C:\cert\mykey.key.store
Linux(文件存放於/home/liugr/cert目錄,存放路徑也可本身定義):
keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA -keystore /home/liuge/cert/mykey.keystore
Enter keystore password: 輸入祕鑰庫口令 Re-enter new password: 再次輸入新口令 What is your first and last name? 您的姓氏是什麼 [Unknown]: Tomcat What is the name of your organizational unit? 您的單位名稱 [Unknown]: Apache What is the name of your organization? 您的組織名稱 [Unknown]: Apache What is the name of your City or Locality?省份 [Unknown]: Beijing What is the name of your State or Province?城市 [Unknown]: Beijing What is the two-letter country code for this unit? 國家代碼 [Unknown]: CN Is CN=Tomcat, OU=Apache, O=Apache, L=Beijing, ST=Beijing, C=CN correct? 信息是否正確 [no]: y Enter key password for <tomcat> 輸入Tomcat的祕鑰口令 (RETURN if same as keystore password): 若是和祕鑰庫口令相同,按回車 Re-enter new password:
祕鑰庫密碼將在server.xml配置是用到,其餘信息做爲基本信息,客戶端能夠經過瀏覽器查看。命令執行成功後,將生成的mykey.keystore複製到Tomcat的conf目錄下。將默認註釋的SSL連接器取消註釋
8.5版本配置以下(server.xml的88行)
<Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol" maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true" SSLEnabled="true"> <SSLHostConfig> <Certificate certificateKeystoreFile="conf/mykey.keystore" certificateKeystorePassword="123456" ##祕鑰庫口令 type="RSA" /> </SSLHostConfig> </Connector>
連接器的protocol設置爲org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol,以免Tomcat自動選擇HTTP連接器實現(固然,能夠根據須要改成NIO2的實現,不能選擇APR)
CertificateKeystorePassword爲建立祕鑰庫是填寫的祕鑰庫文件,port爲SSL連接器端口,若是要修改成其餘端口,必須確保與無SSL得HTTP連接器的redirectPort屬性一致。
啓動Tomcat,在瀏覽器中輸入https://ip:8443,瀏覽器會彈出證書提示,接收後纔會進入頁面,並且經過瀏覽器還能夠查看證書信息。
除此以上方法以外,咱們還能夠經過OpenSSL建立證書並導入到祕鑰庫。
注意:絕大多數Linux系統以及默認安裝了OpenSSL,Windows系統中,若是你安裝了Apache服務器,那樣也能夠在安裝目錄的bin文件夾下找到openssl.exe可執行文件。
OpenSSL的命令格式都是 "openssl 命令 命令參數"的形式。
[root@ ~]# openssl genrsa -out rootkey.pem 2048
輸出以下:
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus ..................+++ .....+++ e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@ ~]# openssl req -x509 -new -key rootkey.pem -out root.crt
輸出以下:
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN State or Province Name (full name) []:Beijing Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:Beijing Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:Apache Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Tomcat Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:Tomcat Email Address []:tomcat@apache.com
根據提示,須要輸入國家、省份、城市、以及公司信息等。
[root@ ~]# openssl genrsa -out serverkey.pem 2048
輸出以下:
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus ............................................................+++ ................................+++ e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@ ~]# openssl req -new -key serverkey.pem -out server.csr
輸出以下:
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN State or Province Name (full name) []:Beijing Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:Beijing Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:Apache Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Tomcat Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:Tomcat Email Address []:tomcat@apache.com Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []:123456 An optional company name []:Tomcat
一樣,根據提示,須要輸入國家、省份、城市等信息。
[root@ ~]# openssl x509 -req -in server.csr -CA root.crt -CAkey rootkey.pem -CAcreateserial -days 3650 -out server.crt
輸出以下:
Signature ok subject=/C=CN/ST=Beijing/L=Beijing/O=Apache/OU=Tomcat/CN=Tomcat/emailAddress=tomcat@apache.comf\x08 Getting CA Private Key
以上咱們建立的是自簽名證書,多用於開發測試環境。在生產中,咱們須要向數字證書頒發機構(CA)提交請求文件(server.csr),CA則返回給咱們數字證書。這個過程通常是要收費的。
[root@ ~]# openssl pkcs12 -export -in server.crt -inkey serverkey.pem -out server.pkcs12
輸出以下:
Enter Export Password:
Verifying - Enter Export Password:
根據提示輸出一個導出密碼
[root@ ~]# keytool -importkeystore -srckeystore server.pkcs12 -destkeystore mykey.keystore -srcstoretype pkcs12
輸出以下
Importing keystore server.pkcs12 to mykey.keystore... Enter destination keystore password: Enter source keystore password: Entry for alias 1 successfully imported. Import command completed: 1 entries successfully imported, 0 entries failed or cancelled
根據提示輸入祕鑰庫密碼已經上一步的導出密碼。
至此,咱們建立了一個mykey.keystore祕鑰庫文件
這半天建立的相關文件以下
[root@ ~]# ll total 36 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4461 Apr 16 16:41 mykey.keystore -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1407 Apr 16 16:21 root.crt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1679 Apr 16 16:14 rootkey.pem -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 17 Apr 16 16:31 root.srl -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1289 Apr 16 16:31 server.crt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1110 Apr 16 16:28 server.csr -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1675 Apr 16 16:26 serverkey.pem -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2517 Apr 16 16:37 server.pkcs12
根據提示輸入祕鑰庫密碼後,既輸出祕鑰庫包含的證書信息
[root@ ~]# keytool -list -v -keystore mykey.keystore
輸出以下:
Enter keystore password: Keystore type: JKS Keystore provider: SUN Your keystore contains 2 entries Alias name: tomcat Creation date: Apr 16, 2018 Entry type: PrivateKeyEntry Certificate chain length: 1 Certificate[1]: Owner: CN=Tomcat, OU=Apache, O=Apache, L=Beijing, ST=Beijing, C=CN Issuer: CN=Tomcat, OU=Apache, O=Apache, L=Beijing, ST=Beijing, C=CN Serial number: 5f59c5e3 Valid from: Mon Apr 16 15:36:30 CST 2018 until: Sun Jul 15 15:36:30 CST 2018 Certificate fingerprints: MD5: 0E:FB:D2:73:54:89:51:9A:20:96:E8:22:2B:92:36:B6 SHA1: 2C:DF:97:E9:88:85:72:0E:15:68:B1:09:19:76:7E:67:FC:A7:F9:12 SHA256: EE:42:E8:96:CE:E1:B5:A6:2C:EC:57:82:44:3A:A8:AD:A3:89:04:01:C8:E8:85:7D:CA:96:B4:E4:63:87:91:49 Signature algorithm name: SHA256withRSA Subject Public Key Algorithm: 2048-bit RSA key Version: 3 Extensions: #1: ObjectId: 2.5.29.14 Criticality=false SubjectKeyIdentifier [ KeyIdentifier [ 0000: 3A 8F 05 4C 85 6D 2F EE 1E E6 46 ED AD CC CA A6 :..L.m/...F..... 0010: 06 78 A7 CA .x.. ] ] ******************************************* ******************************************* Alias name: 1 Creation date: Apr 16, 2018 Entry type: PrivateKeyEntry Certificate chain length: 1 Certificate[1]: Owner: EMAILADDRESS=tomcat@apache.com, CN=Tomcat, OU=Tomcat, O=Apache, L=Beijing, ST=Beijing, C=CN Issuer: EMAILADDRESS=tomcat@apache.com, CN=Tomcat, OU=Tomcat, O=Apache, L=Beijing, ST=Beijing, C=CN Serial number: 84802670058ff7d5 Valid from: Mon Apr 16 16:31:46 CST 2018 until: Thu Apr 13 16:31:46 CST 2028 Certificate fingerprints: MD5: 46:F0:86:8A:FB:60:2E:AA:14:E5:AF:7F:8B:05:A2:F5 SHA1: EF:3E:90:08:0D:9E:53:95:4E:4F:36:29:78:05:93:E1:DB:48:CB:A2 SHA256: 8E:B7:51:6D:04:09:24:28:20:68:4F:C3:2A:2E:47:1E:B8:F6:C2:87:D1:55:30:8C:B0:2A:EA:2A:02:8B:09:76 Signature algorithm name: SHA1withRSA Subject Public Key Algorithm: 2048-bit RSA key Version: 1 ******************************************* ******************************************* Warning: The JKS keystore uses a proprietary format. It is recommended to migrate to PKCS12 which is an industry standard format using "keytool -importkeystore -srckeystore mykey.keystore -destkeystore mykey.keystore -deststoretype pkcs12".
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on"
SSLRandomSeed="builtin" userAprConnector="true" />
說明:userAprConnector 爲8.5版本新屬性,用於啓用Apr Connector,8.5版本以前沒必要配置,默認自動啓用
而後,添加SSL連接器配置以下(Tomcat8.5):
<Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol" maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true" SSLEnabled="true"> <SSLHostConfig> <Certificate certificateKeystoreFile="${catalina.base}/conf/serverkey.pem" certificateFile="${catalina.base}/conf/serverkey.crt" type="RSA" /> </SSLHostConfig> </Connector>
certificateKeystoreFile 用於配置服務器端祕鑰
certificateFile用於配置服務器端證書
至此配置完成