Spring聲明式事務管理與配置詳解

時間 2020-05-05

原文原文鏈接

一、Spring聲明式事務配置的五種方式html

　　前段時間對Spring的事務配置作了比較深刻的研究，在此以前對Spring的事務配置雖然說也配置過，可是一直沒有一個清楚的認識。經過此次的學習發覺Spring的事務配置只要把思路理清，仍是比較好掌握的。java

　　總結以下：spring

　　Spring配置文件中關於事務配置老是由三個組成部分，分別是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理機制這三部分，不管哪一種配置方式，通常變化的只是代理機制這部分。express

　　DataSource、TransactionManager這兩部分只是會根據數據訪問方式有所變化，好比使用Hibernate進行數據訪問時，DataSource實際爲SessionFactory，TransactionManager的實現爲HibernateTransactionManager。session

　　具體以下圖：學習

　　根據代理機制的不一樣，總結了五種Spring事務的配置方式，配置文件以下：優化

第一種方式：每一個Bean都有一個代理this

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務） -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置DAO -->
    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>

    <bean id="userDao" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
        <!-- 配置事務管理器 -->
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
        <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />
        <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
        <!-- 配置事務屬性 -->
        <property name="transactionAttributes">
            <props>
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

第二種方式：全部Bean共享一個代理基類google

...... <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務） -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>

    <bean id="transactionBase" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" lazy-init="true" abstract="true">
        <!-- 配置事務管理器 -->
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
        <!-- 配置事務屬性 -->
        <property name="transactionAttributes">
            <props>
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置DAO -->
    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>

    <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase">
        <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />
    </bean>

第三種方式：使用攔截器spa

...... <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務） -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>

    <bean id="transactionInterceptor" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
        <!-- 配置事務屬性 -->
        <property name="transactionAttributes">
            <props>
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
        <property name="beanNames">
            <list>
                <value>*Dao</value>
            </list>
        </property>
        <property name="interceptorNames">
            <list>
                <value>transactionInterceptor</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置DAO -->
    <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>

第四種方式：使用tx標籤配置的攔截器（經常使用）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
    <context:annotation-config />
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />

    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務） -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>

    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>

    <aop:config>
        <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts" expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />
    </aop:config>
</bean>

<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>
    <!-- ========================================分隔線========================================= -->

    <tx:advice id="transactionAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <!-- 修改 保存 刪除 -->
            <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
            <tx:method name="modify*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
            <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
            <tx:method name="create*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
            <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
            <tx:method name="remove*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
            <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
            
            <!-- 查詢方法只讀 -->
            <tx:method name="get*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false"/>
            <tx:method name="list*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="query*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="find*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="load*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="search*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="datagrid*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="select*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>
    <aop:config>
        <aop:pointcut id="transactionPointcut" expression="execution(* com.meiren.message.service.impl.*.*(..))" />
        <aop:advisor pointcut-ref="transactionPointcut" advice-ref="transactionAdvice" />
    </aop:config>

第五種方式：全註解（經常使用）

...... <context:annotation-config />
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />

    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />

    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務） -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>

　　此時在DAO上需加上@Transactional註解，以下：

@Transactional @Component("userDao") public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao { public List<User> listUsers() { return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list(); } ...... }

一個完整的經常使用的配置方便的事務配置例子

<!-- 配置dataSource -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close">  
        <property name="driverClass" value="${driverClass}"></property>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbcUrl}"></property>
        <property name="user" value="${user}"></property>
        <property name="password" value="${password}"></property>
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 配置transactionManager -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 定義事務處理規則 -->
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <!-- 事務傳播屬性、隔離級別、最優化爲只讀事務、事務超時 -->
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" isolation="DEFAULT" read-only="true" timeout="-1"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>
    
    <aop:config>
        <!-- 定義切面 -->
        <aop:pointcut id="pointcutId" expression="execution(* com.google.code..*.*Service.*(..))"/>
        <!-- 定義織入點規則 -->
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pointcutId"/>
    </aop:config>