YUM 包管理命令示例

YUM 是一個基於 RPM 的linux 包管理工具。他可以幫助咱們自動升級軟件,包括依賴的資源升級，也能夠安裝，卸載軟件包。 這裏是一些 YUM 的使用實例。但願你們更加的瞭解這款管理工具。

1.安裝軟件包：

安裝一個軟件包，並安裝與其相關的依賴軟件。

示例：

[root@localhost ~]# yum install httpd

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-26.el6.centos will be updated
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-29.el6.centos will be an update
--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.2.15-29.el6.centos for package: httpd-2.2.15-29.el6.centos.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.2.15-26.el6.centos will be updated
---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.2.15-29.el6.centos will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

2.更新軟件包：

若是未指定更新的軟件包， yum 將更新全部軟件。當咱們進行指定， Yum 將會更新咱們指定的軟件

[root@localhost ~]# yum update httpd

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Setting up Update Process

3. upgrade 更新軟件包：

與update相似，能夠添加一些參數，過期的軟件若是須要處理(如刪掉)能夠添加 --obsolete 參數，或者使用 upgrade。若是須要更自動化一些的操做(避免回答一些問題)還能夠增長一些參數，如： yum -y upgrade

[root@localhost ~]# yum upgrade httpd

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror,refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Setting up Upgrade Process

4.刪除軟件包

用於咱們卸載一些無用軟件。也會刪除依賴咱們們卸載軟件的相關軟件。

[root@localhost ~]# yum remove httpd

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror,refresh-packagekit, security Setting up Remove Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-29.el6.centos will be erased --> Processing Dependency: httpd-mmn = 20051115 for package: mod_perl-2.0.4-10.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: httpd >= 2.2.0 for package: gnome-user-share-2.28.2-3.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package gnome-user-share.x86_64 0:2.28.2-3.el6 will be erased ---> Package mod_perl.x86_64 0:2.0.4-10.el6 will be erased --> Finished Dependency Resolution

5.列出軟件包信息

[root@localhost ~]# yum list httpd

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Installed Packages httpd.x86_64 2.2.15-29.el6.centos @base

6.查看包的詳細信息

[root@localhost ~]# yum info httpd

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Installed Packages
Name : httpd
Arch : x86_64
Version : 2.2.15
Release : 29.el6.centos
Size : 2.9 M
Repo : installed
From repo : base
Summary : Apache HTTP Server
URL : http://httpd.apache.org/
License : ASL 2.0
Description : The Apache HTTP Server is a powerful, efficient, and extensible web server.

查找軟件包

得到一切能找到的與 rpm 相關的程序，搜索的對象是每一個程序的描述部分。

更詳細的參數說明請查閱相關的 man pages。在 yum-utils 裏面能夠找到叫 yumdownloader 的程序。使用它能夠方便下載，如 srpm 等包

yum search
yum search all

8.清楚無用的 rpm 　若是作完一次系統級的升級，將會下載大量 rpm 等等東西，這將佔用較多的硬盤，能夠使用

[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Cleaning repos: Security-Updates base epel extras spacewalk-client updates
Cleaning up Everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

9.列出配置資源

[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id repo name status
Security-Updates security-updates 1,154
base base 7,965
epel epel 14,597
extras extras 14
spacewalk-client spacewalk-client 21
updates updates 1,871
repolist: 25,622

10.groups 選項

yum grouplist:個相關的軟件包會被放在一個特定的組內。你們安裝某個軟件組，這樣就會安裝該組全部的軟件包。

yum groupinstall 'groupname': 安裝某個指定軟件組

yum groupremove 'groupname': 刪除指定軟件組

yum groupinfo 'groupname': 列出指定軟件組信息

yum groupupdate 'groupname':升級指定軟件組相關軟件