Flask wtform組件

時間  2019-11-20
標籤 flask wtform 組件 欄目 Python 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

簡介

WTForms是一個支持多個web框架的form組件，生成html，主要用於對用戶請求數據進行驗證。html

 安裝：html5

pip3 install wtforms

 用戶登陸註冊示例python

1. 用戶登陸web

當用戶登陸時候，須要對用戶提交的用戶名和密碼進行多種格式校驗。如：數據庫

用戶不能爲空；用戶長度必須大於6；

密碼不能爲空；密碼長度必須大於12；密碼必須包含 字母、數字、特殊字符等（自定義正則）；django

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect
from wtforms import Form
from wtforms.fields import core
from wtforms.fields import html5
from wtforms.fields import simple
from wtforms import validators
from wtforms import widgets

app = Flask(__name__, template_folder='templates')
app.debug = True


class LoginForm(Form):
    name = simple.StringField(
        label='用戶名',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='用戶名不能爲空.'),
            validators.Length(min=6, max=18, message='用戶名長度必須大於%(min)d且小於%(max)d')
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}

    )
    pwd = simple.PasswordField(
        label='密碼',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='密碼不能爲空.'),
            validators.Length(min=8, message='用戶名長度必須大於%(min)d'),
            validators.Regexp(regex="^(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*\d)(?=.*[$@$!%*?&])[A-Za-z\d$@$!%*?&]{8,}",
                              message='密碼至少8個字符，至少1個大寫字母，1個小寫字母，1個數字和1個特殊字符')

        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )



@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        form = LoginForm()
        return render_template('login.html', form=form)
    else:
        form = LoginForm(formdata=request.form)
        if form.validate():
            print('用戶提交數據經過格式驗證，提交的值爲：', form.data)
        else:
            print(form.errors)
        return render_template('login.html', form=form)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

app.py
app.py 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登陸</h1>
<form method="post">
    <!--<input type="text" name="name">-->
    <p>{{form.name.label}} {{form.name}} {{form.name.errors[0] }}</p>

    <!--<input type="password" name="pwd">-->
    <p>{{form.pwd.label}} {{form.pwd}} {{form.pwd.errors[0] }}</p>
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>

login.html
login.html

2. 用戶註冊flask

註冊頁面須要讓用戶輸入：用戶名、密碼、密碼重複、性別、愛好等。緩存

from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect
from wtforms import Form
from wtforms.fields import core
from wtforms.fields import html5
from wtforms.fields import simple
from wtforms import validators
from wtforms import widgets

app = Flask(__name__, template_folder='templates')
app.debug = True



class RegisterForm(Form):
    name = simple.StringField(
        label='用戶名',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired()
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'},
        default='alex'
    )

    pwd = simple.PasswordField(
        label='密碼',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='密碼不能爲空.')
        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )

    pwd_confirm = simple.PasswordField(
        label='重複密碼',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='重複密碼不能爲空.'),
            validators.EqualTo('pwd', message="兩次密碼輸入不一致")
        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )

    email = html5.EmailField(
        label='郵箱',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='郵箱不能爲空.'),
            validators.Email(message='郵箱格式錯誤')
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(input_type='email'),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )

    gender = core.RadioField(
        label='性別',
        choices=(
            (1, '男'),
            (2, '女'),
        ),
        coerce=int
    )
    city = core.SelectField(
        label='城市',
        choices=(
            ('bj', '北京'),
            ('sh', '上海'),
        )
    )

    hobby = core.SelectMultipleField(
        label='愛好',
        choices=(
            (1, '籃球'),
            (2, '足球'),
        ),
        coerce=int
    )

    favor = core.SelectMultipleField(
        label='喜愛',
        choices=(
            (1, '籃球'),
            (2, '足球'),
        ),
        widget=widgets.ListWidget(prefix_label=False),
        option_widget=widgets.CheckboxInput(),
        coerce=int,
        default=[1, 2]
    )

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(RegisterForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.favor.choices = ((1, '籃球'), (2, '足球'), (3, '羽毛球'))

    def validate_pwd_confirm(self, field):
        """
        自定義pwd_confirm字段規則，例：與pwd字段是否一致
        :param field: 
        :return: 
        """
        # 最開始初始化時，self.data中已經有全部的值

        if field.data != self.data['pwd']:
            # raise validators.ValidationError("密碼不一致") # 繼續後續驗證
            raise validators.StopValidation("密碼不一致")  # 再也不繼續後續驗證


@app.route('/register', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def register():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        form = RegisterForm(data={'gender': 1})
        return render_template('register.html', form=form)
    else:
        form = RegisterForm(formdata=request.form)
        if form.validate():
            print('用戶提交數據經過格式驗證，提交的值爲：', form.data)
        else:
            print(form.errors)
        return render_template('register.html', form=form)



if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

app.py
app.py 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>用戶註冊</h1>
<form method="post" novalidate style="padding:0  50px">
    {% for item in form %}
    <p>{{item.label}}: {{item}} {{item.errors[0] }}</p>
    {% endfor %}
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>

register.html
register.html

三、meta
session

 

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect, session
from wtforms import Form
from wtforms.csrf.core import CSRF
from wtforms.fields import core
from wtforms.fields import html5
from wtforms.fields import simple
from wtforms import validators
from wtforms import widgets
from hashlib import md5

app = Flask(__name__, template_folder='templates')
app.debug = True


class MyCSRF(CSRF):
    """
    Generate a CSRF token based on the user's IP. I am probably not very
    secure, so don't use me.
    """

    def setup_form(self, form):
        self.csrf_context = form.meta.csrf_context()
        self.csrf_secret = form.meta.csrf_secret
        return super(MyCSRF, self).setup_form(form)

    def generate_csrf_token(self, csrf_token):
        gid = self.csrf_secret + self.csrf_context
        token = md5(gid.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
        return token

    def validate_csrf_token(self, form, field):
        print(field.data, field.current_token)
        if field.data != field.current_token:
            raise ValueError('Invalid CSRF')


class TestForm(Form):
    name = html5.EmailField(label='用戶名')
    pwd = simple.StringField(label='密碼')

    class Meta:
        # -- CSRF
        # 是否自動生成CSRF標籤
        csrf = True
        # 生成CSRF標籤name
        csrf_field_name = 'csrf_token'

        # 自動生成標籤的值，加密用的csrf_secret
        csrf_secret = 'xxxxxx'
        # 自動生成標籤的值，加密用的csrf_context
        csrf_context = lambda x: request.url
        # 生成和比較csrf標籤
        csrf_class = MyCSRF

        # -- i18n
        # 是否支持本地化
        # locales = False
        locales = ('zh', 'en')
        # 是否對本地化進行緩存
        cache_translations = True
        # 保存本地化緩存信息的字段
        translations_cache = {}


@app.route('/index/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def index():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        form = TestForm()
    else:
        form = TestForm(formdata=request.form)
        if form.validate():
            print(form)
    return render_template('index.html', form=form)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()
View Code

 

Flask中form自動從數據庫獲取數據app

import helper
class UserForm(Form):
    city = core.SelectField(
        label='城市',
        choices=(),
        coerce=int
    )
    name = simple.StringField(label='姓名')

    def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
        super(UserForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)

        self.city.choices=helper.fetch_all('select id,name from tb1',[],type=None)

 

當你的數據庫中增長了新的值,choices不會再進行加載.那麼新的字段就不會顯示在選擇框中

咱們須要作的是將choices這個字段在__init__方法中從新獲取,每一次實例化都會從新賦值

 django中實時更新，重寫構造方法

 

group = fileds.choiceField()

def  __init__(self,*args,**kwargs)
        super(IndexForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)    
        self.fileds['group'].choicesmodels.UserGroup.objects.all().value_liat('id','name')

 

其餘 

metaclass

類建立的兩種方式

#經常使用方式
class Foo(object):
    a1 = 123
    def func(self):
        return 666

#type方式
Foo = type("Foo",(object,),{'a1':123,'func':lambda self:666}

 自定義type

class MyType(type):
    pass
class Foo(object,metaclass=MyType):
    a1 = 123
    def func(self):
        return 666
Foo = MyType("Foo",(object,),{'a1':123,'func':lambda self:666})

# 注意：metaclass做用是指定當前類由誰來建立。

 

class MyType(type):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        print('MyType建立類',self)
        super(MyType, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        obj = super(MyType, self).__call__(*args, **kwargs)
        print('類建立對象', self, obj)
        return obj


class Foo(object,metaclass=MyType):
    user = 'wupeiqi'
    age = 18

obj = Foo()



 #類在建立的時候執行type的__init__方法
 # 類在實例化的時候會執行type的__call__方法....__call__方法的返回值就是實例化的對象
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