Django--form驗證及錯誤處理

需求

from表單驗證和ajax驗證時返回的錯誤信息處理

速查

一、form表單提交時錯誤信息顯示

views

1 2	error = form表單實例化對象.errors return render(request, '前端html' ,{ 'obj' :form表單實例化對象, 'error' :error})    #傳到前端用simple_tag解析

html

1 2	{% load xx %}    <!--導入自定義sample_tag語言文件--> < span >{% error_msg error.username %}</ span >    <!--error.username當作參數傳給error_msg函數，並獲取返回值-->

simple_tag

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@register .simple_tag def error_msg(error_list):      if error_list:          return error_list[ 0 ]      return ''

二、ajax提交時錯誤信息返回

views

1 2	error = obj.errors.as_json() return HttpResponse(error)

html

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$.ajax({              success: function(arg){                //arg是返回值，必須是字符串                  var callback_dict = $.parseJSON(arg);                  $('#uname_error').text(callback_dict.username[0].message);              }          })

知識點

obj=表單生成文件.表單建立的類（request.POST）

request.POST：全部提交信息

obj.is_valid()：判斷提交數據是否正確

obj.clean()：獲取提交的全部數據

obj.errors()：獲取提交的全部錯誤信息，有三種表示方式（as_ul、as_json、as_data）：

• form表單提交用默認的，type<class django.forms.utils.ErrorDict>

• ajax返回信息用as_json()，type<'str'>

錯誤信息裏包含的字段和form裏的字段同樣，錯誤是個列表，取值obj.errors['username'][0]

html中jinja2語法取字典是不能用errors['key']的方式，得用errors.key;若是獲取obj.errors['username'][0]，就得用sample_tag

詳細

一、form表單提交時錯誤信息顯示

app01/views/account.py

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from app01.forms import account as AccountForm   def login(request):      obj = AccountForm.LoginForm(request.POST)      if request.method = = 'POST' :          if obj.is_valid():              all_data = obj.clean()          else :              error = obj.errors              return render(request, 'account/login.html' ,{ 'obj' :obj, 'error' :error})      return render(request, 'account/login.html' ,{ 'obj' :obj})

爲何使用sample_tag去取值，而不取好了再傳到html，由於若是字段不少的話，要分別定義每一個的錯誤；

templates/login.html

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{% load xx %}    <!--導入自定義sample_tag語言文件--> < html lang = "en" > < head ></ head > < body >      < form action = "/login/" method = "post" >          < p >              {{ obj.username }}              < span >{% error_msg error.username %}</ span >    <!--error.username當作參數傳給error_msg函數，並獲取返回值-->          </ p >          < p >              {{ obj.password }}< span >{% error_msg error.password %}</ span >          </ p >          < input type = "submit" value = "submit" />      </ form > </ body > </ html >

app01/templatetags/xx.py

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from django import template from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe from django.template.base import resolve_variable, Node, TemplateSyntaxError   register = template.Library()   @register .simple_tag def error_msg(error_list):      if error_list:          return error_list[ 0 ]

browser

二、ajax提交時錯誤信息返回

ajax必須返回的是字符串，因此用as_json()格式。

先看as_json獲取的信息格式

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{      "username" : [          { "message" : "This field is required." , "code" : "required" }      ],      "password" : [          { "message" : "This field is required." , "code" : "required" }      ] }

app01/views/account.py

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from app01.forms import account as AccountForm   def login(request):      obj = AccountForm.LoginForm(request.POST)      if request.method = = 'POST' :          if obj.is_valid():              all_data = obj.clean()          else :              error = obj.errors.as_json()              return HttpResponse(error)      return render(request, 'account/login.html' ,{ 'obj' :obj})

templates/login.html

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< form action = "/login/" method = "post" >      < p >          {{ obj.username }}          < span id = "uname_error" ></ span >      </ p >      < p >          {{ obj.password }}          < span id = "pwd_error" ></ span >      </ p > {#        < input type = "submit" value = "submit" />#}      < input type = "button" value = "AjaxSubmit" onclick = "AjaxSubmit();" /> </ form >   < script src = "{{ STATIC_URL }}js/jquery-2.1.4.min.js" ></ script > < script type = "text/javascript" >      function AjaxSubmit(){          $.ajax({              url: '/login/',              type: 'POST',              data: {'username':'','password':''},    //就當提交了一個空數據，製造錯誤              success: function(arg){                //arg是返回值，必須是字符串                  var callback_dict = $.parseJSON(arg);                  $('#uname_error').text(callback_dict.username[0].message);                  $('#pwd_error').text(callback_dict.password[0].message); {#                    console.log(callback_dict.username[0].message)#}              }          })      } </ script >

app01/forms/account.py

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from django import forms   class LoginForm(forms.Form):      username = forms.CharField()      password = forms.CharField(widget = forms.PasswordInput())

browser

來自爲知筆記(Wiz)